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PL
The volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous environment means growing challenges for companies. New ideas could be inspiring for managers who cope with complex problems. One of the fields within which academics look for solutions is nature. The mechanism behind immunology system could also bring some stimulants for managers’ thinking. The response towards a disturbance factor of the immune system is an inspiration for identifying a resistance system of the company. From the methodological point of view, the system approach constitutes a framework for building comparisons between two different research areas, respectively – immunology and the company. The external barriers subsystem, the non-specific defence subsystem, the fuzzy specificity subsystem and the target-oriented (specific) defence subsystem constitute the resistance system of the company. In business practice, the resistance system was analysed with reference to the activities of one of the small companies.
PL
Celem artykułu jest wniesienie wkładu w rozwój dyskusji naukowej dotyczącej widoczności łańcucha dostaw poprzez dociekania na temat luki między oczekiwaniami dotyczącymi korzyści z widoczności łańcucha dostaw a pomyślnymi wdrożeniami. Zidentyfikowano i wyjaśniono czynniki warunkujące wdrożenie platformy widoczności transportu w czasie rzeczywistym. Uszeregowano przyczyny nieosiągnięcia oczekiwanych korzyści z widoczności w czasie rzeczywistym za pomocą platformy w sieci transportowej z przeważającym udziałem podwykonawstwa. Do badań wybrano złożoną sieć z branży produktów szybko rotujących. Uczyniono tak dlatego, że w przypadku takiej sieci istnieje większa potrzeba widoczności, a jej poprawa jest trudniejsza. Asymetria ryzyka i korzyści dla spedytorów oraz platformy zmniejszają gotowość do wymiany informacji. Dogłębna analiza zachowań podmiotów zaangażowanych we wdrażanie platformy wskazuje na napięcia, które może rozwiązać zarządzanie platformą. Przeprowadzone badania skupiają się na analizie wykorzystania informacji w kontekście automatyzacji, informatyzacji i transformacji cyfrowej. Niniejszy artykuł przyczynia się do rozwoju rozważań dotyczących widoczności w łańcuchu dostaw.
EN
The aim of the study is to contribute to supply chain visibility literature by addressing a gap between the expectations on the benefits of supply chain visibility and the successfully implemented cases. Determinants of a real- -time transportation visibility platform implementation were identified and explained and the reasons for not achieving the expected real-time visibility benefits from a platform in the transportation network with a predominant share of subcontracting were ranked. A complex network of fast-moving consumer goods companies was chosen for the research because of their greater need for visibility; visibility improvement is also more challenging for such companies. Asymmetry of risk, rewards, and benefits for freight forwarders and a real-time visibility platform hinder information sharing willingness. The in-depth analysis of entities involved in the platform deployment shows the tensions that platform governance can address. This study also provides insights on information utilization, including automating, informational, and transformational characteristics. This paper contributes to the supply chain visibility theoretical field by focusing on the practical development of real-time visibility from the standpoint of supply chain professionals.
EN
The aim of this article is to consider the possibility of using elements derived from organization and management theory in research on political parties. The following issues have been analyzed in particular: organization’s goals, conceptions of development, environment and boundaries, structure and selected functions as well as strategic analysis methods. The authors have applied the system approach, which makes it possible to compare objects representing various research disciplines. The belief that both the company and the party are organizations that create specific systems has made us lean towards choosing this way. The analysis has shown that research studies on political parties as well as political parties themselves could benefit a lot from the application of organization and management science. Parties should in particular: firstly – focus on having a long -lasting organizational structure that, which is connected to development and adjustment to the environment; secondly – pay attention to the need of optimizing their structures (balancing between hierarchic and stratarchic, centralized and decentralized, formalized and deformalized structures); thirdly – attach more importance to the elaboration of appropriate strategies as well as the use of strategy management methods and techniques.
4
Content available Problem of contagion in complex systems
63%
PL
The escalation of the contagion effect results in many consequences in various spheres of life. The important problem, which looks for further discussion is the impact of centralization and self-learning on the ability to response to contagion effect escalation. The system approach methodology seems to be the most appropriate one to resolve such complex issues. For this reason, a procedure of identification of system amidst contagion was developed. Consequently, it was applied to interpret the multinationals response amidst contagion. The authors suggest that each branch can build its own model of prevention against contagion within the decentralized system. Additionally, it should be based on mechanism of self-similarity and redundancy.
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