It is well-known that operator error – “human factor” – is the cause of most accidents. This is a great concern to navigators. Recent crashes of ferries with large numbers of human victims have occurred because of navigator errors or because of their inability to make adequate decisions in an unexpectedly arisen emergency. This paper presents a possible method for quantitative estimation of the “human factor” based on analysis of the physical and mental conditions of the operator and the working environment.
In this paper, the problem of construction of the hardware-software means intended for maintenance of manual and automated regimes of automatic control system adjustment is considered. For the solution of the problem, the Real Interpolation Method is offered. Two important procedures which guarantee decreasing of computation costs in comparison with traditional methods are in its basis. Firstly, a special discrete transformation of time functions is used and derivable functions-images have real argument. Secondly, these functions are replaced with discrete forms, which can describe control system, its elements and signals. The offered way of problem decision is illustrated with numerical example.
A numerical synthesis method of continuous control systems having few internal loops is proposed. Every loop may contain the correcting devices, both in the direct channel and in the feedback circuit, The basis of the method is a real integral transform allowing writing the synthesis equation in the image domain in such a way that it contains the functions of real argument only. The interpolation approach provides the development of synthesis equations for the unknown coefficients of correcting device transfer functions. The system solution by Newton's method is found.
A numerical synthesis method of continuous control systems having few internal loops is proposed. Every loop may contain the correcting devices both in the direct channel and in the feedback circuit. The basis of the method is a real integral transform allowing writing the synthesis equation in the image domain in such a way that it contains the functions of real argument only. The interpolation approach provides the development of synthesis equations for the unknown coefficients of correcting device transfer functions. The system solution by Newton's method is found.
Using self-contained acoustic buoys developed at the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, experiments were performed to verify the possibility of acoustic tomography in a local region of a shallow-water sea. In the experiments carried out in October 2010 on shelf of the Black Sea, compound phase-manipulated signals are transmitted and the time responses of the medium are measured using three bottom-moored receiving and transmitting transducers separated by 1-km distance. The results of reconstructing the sound and current velocities are compared with the data of independent measurements made by set of standard oceanographic instruments (ADCP, CTD sounds, etc.).
During winter in arctic seas, navigation of ships near ports occurs within ice channels created and maintained by icebreakers. Small ice floes fill the relatively narrow navigable channel, and ships are forced to produce the overtaking or opposing separation over short distances and under the action of ice floes. This paper presents an analytical model of the interaction of ships under the conditions just described as well as the results of a simulation. The simulation showed side force and yawing moments were dependent on ice conditions and the ship’s dimensions and motion characteristics.
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