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EN
This article aims at analyzing whether - taking into account the rapid evolution of information technology - the use of the homo economicus model in its original form as a basis for contemporary economic research is still appropriate. Conducted research allowed to conclude that people are not able to use effectively all the available information and knowledge due to cognitive constraints. This makes it is necessary to introduce a new category of rationality to the homo economicus model in the form of limited rationality.
EN
The author proposes a series of changes that he says should be made to the rules for setting member state quotas and voting power in the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The paper opens with a description of the current mechanism for setting member state quotas and voting power. Under the current system, a member’s quota in the IMFdetermines the amount of its subscription, its voting weight, its access to IMF financing, and its allocation of Special Drawing Rights (SDRs). The United States has exclusive veto power. A member state cannot unilaterally increase its quota-increases must be approved by the Executive Board and are linked to formulas that include many variables such as the size of a country in the world economy. The author comes up with a proposal on how this mechanism could be modified. He provides an evaluation of how the suggested changes would impact the voting power of both developed and developing countries. On April 28, 2008, the IMF Board of Governors approved a reform of the institution’s governance. The reform was intended to modify the quota and voting share structure in order to enhance the participation and voice of emerging-market and developing countries, and realign members’ shares with their relative weight and role in the global economy. According to Jurek, while these modifications have increased the transparency of the process during which member country quotas are calculated, they have changed little when it comes to the voting power of developing and developed states. In particular, the new rules preserve the right of veto enjoyed by the United States, Jurek notes, a privilege that the U.S. has used on a number of occasions to block reforms designed to weaken its own position within the IMF.
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Content available remote Dilemmas of IMF surveillance: some unpleasant facts in the world of currency spats
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EN
This article attempts to analyze the impact of the 2007 Decision on Bilateral Surveillance, adopted by the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund on June 15th 2007, which defined the scope of surveillance and its modalities anew, thus reviewing the 1977 Decision on Exchange Rate Policy Surveillance and bringing together links between exchange rate policies and domestic policies. The 2007 Decision broadened the area of the Fund’s surveillance activities, however, a full implementation of this decision was found difficult due to a serious setback, as the 2007 Decision in practice gave the IMF neither the tools nor a code of conduct which would allow fulfilling the Fund’s mandate to promote the stability of exchange rate arrangements. Thus, the International Monetary Fund still remains the ‘forum of multilateral monologue’, systematically losing control over the exchange rate policies of its members. The low effectiveness of the IMF surveillance over exchange rate policies undermines the international monetary system because of government interference in the foreign exchange market in the aftermath of the current global financial crisis. Taking this into consideration, this paper indicates ways in which the Fund might increase surveillance effectiveness. The main idea is that, in the short-term, the IMF should be more sharply focused on multilateral surveillance. However, in the long-term the amendment of the Articles of Agreement is necessary, as only precisely defining member countries’ obligations concerning exchange rate policy, as well as matters concerning this very policy which fall within and exceed the competence of the IMF may enable the Fund to prevent ‘currency wars’ among competing countries and the destabilization of exchange arrangements worldwide.
PL
Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie ogólnego mechanizmu wpływu stopnia racjonalności decyzji na podejmowane przez inwestorów ryzyko oraz na oczekiwaną przez nich stopę zwrotu. Realizując ten cel, zaprezentowano ogólną charakterystykę teorii racjonalności selektywnej Leibensteina, co stanowiło podstawę uporządkowania różnych rodzajów racjonalności działań. To z kolei pozwoliło na zaprezentowanie mechanizmu wpływu stopnia racjonalności dzia¬łań na podejmowane ryzyko inwestycyjne i, w konsekwencji, na oczekiwaną stopę zwrotu.
EN
Modeling of business processes determined by regular business processes and functions of ways to improve them. This is part of the business process management practice. Process modeling software behind some analytical representation of “as-is” processes in organization and in contrast with “future” processes for their performance. The first step in modeling is pen and paper. But to actually run a business process, you need to digitize that process in a way that the workflow engine understands. Modeling tools for business processes that represent a process in a digital way that can be applied to an automated live process.
PL
Modelowanie procesów biznesowych wyznacza regularne procesy biznesowe i znajduje sposoby na ich ulepszanie. Jest to część praktyki zarządzania procesami biznesowymi. Oprogramowanie do modelowania procesów zapewnia analityczną reprezentację procesów „takich, jakie są” w organizacji i kontrastuje je z „przyszłymi” procesami w celu zwiększenia ich wydajności. W postawieniu pierwszego kroku w modelowaniu pomogą pióro i papier.Aby jednak rzeczywiście uruchomić proces biznesowy, trzeba go zdigitalizować w sposób, jaki będzie zrozumiały przez silnik workflow. Narzędzia do modelowania procesów biznesowych umożliwiają reprezentowanie procesu w sposób cyfrowy, który można następnie zautomatyzować i zaprezentować na żywo.
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PL
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