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1

Vermicomposting as an Alternative Method of Sludge Treatment

100%

Boruszko D.

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tom Vol. 21, nr 2

22--28

EN

The article presents the results of the research from several years of exploitation of the vermiculture plots located in the municipal wastewater treatment plant in Zambrów. It is the only facility in Poland where the vermicompost from municipal sewage sludge has been produced continuously since 2004 (for 16 years). The results of tests of ready-made vermicomposts conducted regularly twice a year (32 tests) were subjected to a simple statistical analysis. The vermicompost analyses of heavy metals, biogenic compounds, organic matter and selected macroelements were compared with the requirements for mineral-organic fertilizers. In terms of the heavy metals content, the highest total content was observed in the first year of plots exploitation, i.e. in 2004, when it amounted to over 1200 mg-1 kg DM. The lowest sum content of heavy metals in vermicomposts, amounting to 398 mg-1 kg DM, was recorded in 2017. The median total content of heavy metals from all observations was 821 mg-1 kg DM. During the whole research period, the content of nutrients in vermicomposts was high, for nitrogen it ranged from 9.8 g-1 kg DM to 31.1 g-1 kg DM (median 14.3 g-1 kg DM), whereas for phosphorus it ranged from 2.1 g-1 kg DM to 14.5 g-1 kg DM (median 5.5 g-1 kg DM). The content of organic matter in the whole several-year study period was high and ranged from 21.3% DM to 59.0% DM (median 33.1% DM). The conducted research confirmed that the use of California earthworm in the process of municipal sewage sludge vermicomposting results in its good mineralization and humification, and the final product (vermicompost) may be a valuable mineral-organic fertilizer.

2

The Effect of Using Effective Microorganisms on the Changes in the Chemical Composition of Spring Wheat

63%

Piotrowska A. , Boruszko D.

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tom Vol. 23, nr 6

50--57

EN

The world’s noticeable population growth is associated with an increased demand for agricultural products. The search for new solutions to increase crop productivity while ensuring environmental stability is becoming a key role. One such method is the use of the biopreparations containing Effective Microorganisms. EM consist of about 80 species of selected aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms, which have the ability to restore the biological balance. Professor Teruo Higa of Ryukyus University in Okinawa is the creator of Effective Microorganisms. When added to agricultural ecosystems they stimulate plant growth, improve the condition of soils affected by excessive use of chemical fertilizers allowing insoluble forms of elements to be transformed into plant-available forms and protect them from certain diseases and pests. This solution is an ecological alternative to conventional technologies and does not further pollute the ecosystem, which is crucial. Organic fertilizers in the form of EMs are made using live microorganisms they do not only deliver nutrients to the soil but also allow inactive ones to become available. With improved nutrient uptake and protection from soil pathogens, plants develop and grow better for improved yields. They contain organic matter and one or more biologically active organic compounds (amino acids, vitamins) as well as macroand microelements that stimulate plant growth and development. They provide plants with essential substances, which are naturally synthesized in many complex biochemical processes, causing energy savings that can be used for other transformations in the plant.

3

Analysis of the Influence of the Application of Effective Microorganisms on the Dynamics of Spring Wheat Emergence

63%

Piotrowska A. , Boruszko D.

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tom Tom 23

684--693

EN

Deterioration of the natural environment as a result of violation of its natural structures and self-regulatory mechanisms causes an urgent need to replace chemicals with effective and multidirectional biopreparations. Reduction of the amount of chemicals used in agriculture becomes possible through the use of Effective Microorganisms. This will reduce the burden on the environment. Agriculture that uses EM technology can count on help with germination rates; emergence uniformity; and crop yields, for example. EM formulations contain a mixture of different coexisting microorganisms. The following paper presents the results of own research on the use of Effective Microorganisms in seed dressing of spring wheat. It was shown that the microbial preparation EM Naturally Active affects the increase of wheat seed germination dynamics.