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Figurant „Tybr” – nieudany werbunek niedoszłego ministra

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Stanek P.

2010

nr 1(15)

117-138

Mieczysław Thugutt (1902–1979), he was trained as a mechanical engineer. Associated with the peasant movement. Son of the famous peasant and social activist, Stanisław. Firstly, during World War II, being in Sweden he mediated between the Polish government-in-exile in London and the Underground in Poland. Later, from 1942 he was in London. Thugutt was a close cooperator of Minister of Internal Affairs and then of Prime Minister Stanisław Mikołajczyk. He was also the Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs’ supervisor of the clandestine radio station – codeword „Świt” [„Dawn”] broadcasting from Great Britain and pretending to be a national one. During the negotiations held in Moscow resulted in formation of the Provisional Government of National Unity (Tymczasowy Rząd Jedności Narodowej, TRJN) in June 1945 Thugutt was designated to be Minister of Posts and Telegraphs. However, he refused to return to Poland and did not hold the office. He was a close friend and cooperator of Stefan Korboński. In addition to this Mieczysław Thugutt was one of the activists of the PSL-Odłam Jedności Narodowej [the PSL-Section of the National Unity] (the PSL – the Polish People’s Party) and President of the constituency of Great Britain. In his career he became the editor of the party’s official paper-in-exile, the “Zielony Sztandar” and of the pre-war “Przegląd Techniczny” [Technical Review] – the biggest and oldest technical magazine in Poland. He was a member of numerous structures of the Polish political emigration: the Political Council (1952–1954), the TRJN (1954–1962) and the Federation of Democratic Movements (1962–1979). He was involved in the process of merging emigration circles as well as he was a signatory of the Act of Unification (1954). He was known as a incisive critic of both the immigration structures and of an inflexible attitude of those so-called “unbroken”. Remaining anti-German, Thugutt started referring more positively to the changes that took place in Poland as a consequence of the Polish October. Between 1957–1965 the Department I (intelligence) took an effort to recruit him to cooperate with communist security apparatus (case code-name “Tybr”). However these activities ended in failure, because the figurehead “Tybr” got an intelligence officer to understand clearly that he rejected any contacts with secret services. Since 1965 because of deteriorating health condition he became less active in politics. He never accepted the unification of the immigration peasant movement in 1968. Thugutt did not belong to the “Castle” movement (“Zamek”) nor to the Council of National Unity (Rada Jedności Narodowej, RJN). He died in London, in 1979.

W stronę rozszerzenia Europejskiego Banku Centralnego

100%

Stanek P.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

2004

tom 195

nr 10

43-64

The article presents certain drawbacks of the present decision-making system of the European Central Bank (ECB), in particular in the context of the possible entry of new countries into the euro area. It also illustrates the main scenarios of the ECB reform, as proposed in economic writings, pointing out their drawbacks and advantages. In this context, the official proposal of the reform, put forward by the ECB Governing Council is discussed, along with the progress of the legislative procedure involved with the reform. Besides, serious reservations about this proposals voiced by leading economists are taken account of. They cover, inter alia, the issues of transparency and accountability to democratic institutions, as well as the alleged lack of a serious improvement of the ECB decision-making process upon enlargement of the Economic and Monetary Union. The article also presents main theoretical considerations involved with the decision-making system of the central bank with a federal structure, in particular based on the theory of time inconsistency of decisions concerning monetary policy. The problem of making decisions within committees with a federal structure, composed of persons with heterogeneous preferences or skills, was addressed as well.