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Konstrukcja predyktora macierzy nakładów za pomocą układu ortogonalnego funkcji

100%

Ambroch K.

1998

tom Nr 4

5-13

Zaproponowano konstrukcję operatora predykcji macierzy nakładów za pomocą układu ortogonalnego funkcji. Wyznaczono wariancję błędu prognozy w warunkach addytywnwgo oddziaływania zakłóceń na elementy macierzy nakładów.

The predictor operator of the expenditure matrix in the model of input-output relations has been defined by means of basic functions, making use of the principle of unbiased preduction. In order to determine the constant coefficients of this operator for a certain type of basic functions, adequate systems of algebraic equations have been given. By including among the operator basic functions the Lagrangian interpolation polynomial and the Newton interpolation formula, the possibility of a generalisation of the prediction operator of the expenditure matrix has been pointed out. A variant of the predictor construction using orthogonal function system has been considered. The variance of the forecast error has been calculated in case the elements of the expenditure matrix are influenced by a perturbation in an additive way.

Pathways of nitrogen removal in hybrid treatment wetlands

63%

Gajewska M. , Ambroch K.

nr 1

Hybrid treatment wetlands (HTWs) are composed of two or more filters with different modes of flow, allowing the benefits of both types of bed to be combined, resulting in better effluent quality (nitrogen and organic compound removal). Such a heterogeneous environment creates possibilities for different mechanisms of nitrogen removal. The objective of the present study was to investigate the removal of nitrogen versus a range of parameters such as hydraulic and organic loading, redox potential, pH, alkalinity, availability of easily decomposable organic compounds, and theoretical nitrogenous biological oxygen demand, in order to evaluate nitrogen conversion processes. The studies were carried out in a full-scale HTW designed for 200pe, over a two-year monitoring period. The HTW achieved stable and effective removal of all analyzed pollutants: BOD5 was 97.9% for average load of 3.4 gm-2·d-1 and 95.1% COD removal for average load of 6.9 gm-2·d-1 (for the entire HTW). Unexpectedly efficient N removal was observed in the first stage of the treatment plant. The removal efficiency of TKN was over 46% in this horizontal sub-surface flow bed and was coupled with 80.5% BOD removal, suggesting heterotrophic competition for oxygen, the supply of which was strongly limited in this stage of treatment.