Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Rys historii medycyny powszechnej Józefa Oettingera

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Gryglewski R. W.

Archiwum Historii i Filozofii Medycyny

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2011

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tom 74

18-28

PL

Poniższy artykuł jest prezentacją i próbą oceny Rysu historii medycyny powszechnej, dzieła autorstwa jednego z wybitniejszych polskich historyków medycyny wieku XIX, Józefa Oettingera. Oettinger był jednym z pierwszych wśród lekarzy, który w sposób świadomy chciał się poświęcić badaniu przeszłości swego zawodu. Omawiana przeze mnie praca miała być w założeniu zwieńczeniem jego wieloletnich badań i przemyśleń. Nigdy jednak, poza paroma fragmentami, nie była drukowana. Dotrwał natomiast do naszych czasów kompletny rękopis przechowywany w zbiorach specjalnych Katedry Historii Medycyny Collegium Medicum Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. Rys historii medycyny powszechnej nie miał szczęścia do badaczy. Wspomina się o nim niekiedy, lecz jak dotąd zarówno jego zawartość, styl narracji, układ wewnętrzny, jak i ewentualne inspiracje, które mogły towarzyszyć powstawaniu dzieła, nie były przedmiotem głębszej analizy. Ten tekst ma na celu w pewnym stopniu tę lukę uzupełnić.

EN

The following article presents and attempts to assess The Outline o f the General History of Medicine, a work by one of the most eminent Polish historians of medicine of the nineteenth century, Joseph Oettinger. Oettinger was one of the first physicians who deliberately wanted to study the past of his profession. The Oettinger s work discussed in this paper was intended to have been the culmination of the years of his research and historical reflection. His text, however, apart from a few fragments, has never been published. However, a complete manuscript has survived to our days and it is kept in the special collections of the History of Medicine Department of the Jagiellonian University. The Outline of the General History of Medicine has had no luck with researchers. It is mentioned occasionally but so far its content, the style of narration, the internal structure and possible influences that may have accompanied its writing have not been subjected to further analysis. This text is aimed to fulfill this gap to some extent.

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Recenzja: Andrzej Kierzek, Uzdrowiska nadniemeńskie dawniej, Oficyna Wydawnicza „Atut”, Wrocław 2017, ss. 218. Wydanie I, ISBN 978-83-7977-293-3.

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Gryglewski R. W.

Acta Medicorum Polonorum

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2018

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tom 8

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nr 1

95-96

PL

Recenzja

EN

Review

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Anatomia w ujęciu Kazimierza Kostaneckiego

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Gryglewski R. W.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2016

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tom 61

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nr 2

57–87

EN

Kazimierz Telesfor Kostanecki (1863-1940) remains one of the most important figures in the history of Polish medicine and natural science. He was the creator of one of the biggest scientific schools on Polish soil, a researcher versatile, working in parallel on many fields of natural science exploration. In his view, anatomy has become a dynamic and comprehensive science, that combines what today belongs to histology, cytology and embryology. Kostanecki has created an universal model of research, referring to comparative methods and based on planned series of experimental studies, especially when it came to issues related to developmental anatomy and mechanics of fertilization. This model was used and developed by his students and followers. It is not surprising, therefore, that the name Kostanecki has been repeatedly reported in the world literature, and a number of phenomena and facts established by him has kept its value, which comes obviouswhen we still can find citations of Polish scholar works in the contemporary monographs and articles.

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Jubileusz „Medycyny Nowożytnej”

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Gryglewski R. W.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2015

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tom 60

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nr 2

171–188

EN

In 1922 appeared the first, proof copy of a magazine which two years later was titled “Modern Medicine. Studies on the history of medicine”. The idea to create a new periodical was born among the historians of science, who focused their scientific interest on the topics of medicine’s past. The major purpose was to make a thorough revision of methodological views that usually did not go beyond the positivist or Marxist model. They aspired to some kind of “opening up” to the content present in philosophy and the history of science, including in particular epistemological theories of Ludwik Fleck, Thomas Kuhn or Michael Foucault. Consistent references were made to the experiences and findings of cultural anthropology, psychology, sociology and history of arts, highlighting the problems which in national medical historiography had been previously rarely, if ever, present. “Classical” form and content of works published in the magazine was not excluded, though, since the purpose of the editorial staff was not so much to fight against the traditional model of the history of medicine as its enrichment and gradual transformation in the spirit of contemporary needs. The aim of this article is to present as completely as possible – both the content of “Modern Medicine” and the achievements of people contributing to the magazine for the past twenty years of its existence. It is also an attempt to evaluate to what extent the guidelines set two decades ago have been realized in practice.

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Narodziny kliniki lekarskiej w Polsce

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Gryglewski R. W.

Archiwum Historii i Filozofii Medycyny

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2011

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tom 74

13-17

PL

Powyższy artykuł omawia historię powstania pierwszej kliniki lekarskiej w Polsce. We wstępie ukazano zmiany, które zachodziły w medycynie europejskiej w wieku XVIII, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem sporu, jaki toczył się pomiędzy zwolennikami mechanistycznego sposobu ujmowania zjawisk życiowych i patologicznych (Hoffmann, la Mettrie) a witalistami reprezentowanymi przez zwolenników Ernsta Stahla, skupionymi głównie w tzw. Szkole Montpellier (Barthez, Bordeu). To właśnie na tle konfrontacji materializmu z holizmem, poszukiwań nowych podstaw diagnostyki i terapii (Cullen, Brown) kształtowała się z wolna idea kliniki lekarskiej, której teoretyczne ramy nadał Hermann Boerhaave, wcielił w życie Gerard van Swieten, a wypełnił treścią Anton de Haen. Powstanie tzw. Starszej Szkoły Wiedeńskiej stanowiło istotny początek nauczania klinicznego w Europie, Z doświadczeń wiedeńskich czerpał Jędrzej Badurski, który u schyłku lat 70. XVIII wieku rozpoczął reformę Wydziału Lekarskiego w Akademii Krakowskiej. W niniejszym artykule, opierając się na źródłach pochodzących z tamtego czasu, podjęto się zrekonstruowania teoretycznych podstaw powstania i praktycznej organizacji pierwszej na ziemiach polskich kliniki. Na podstawie zebranych dokumentów, można przyjąć, że Badurski był w pełni świadom doniosłości swoich decyzji, a podejmując się reformy, czerpał z najnowszych wówczas osiągnięć teorii i praktyki medycznej. Tym samym klinika krakowska w założeniu w niczym nie ustępowała wiodącym ośrodkom klinicznym ówczesnej Europy.

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The article presents the history of creation of the first medical clinic in Poland. In the introduction, the changes taking place in the European 18th century medicine have been presented, with particular emphasis given on the development of the dispute between the supporters of a mechanistic way of treatment of life and pathological phenomena (Hoffmann, La Mettrie), and the proponents of vitalism represented by the followers of Ernest Stahl mainly grouped in the so-called School of Montpellier (Barthez, Bordeu). It was the confrontation of materialism and holism that gave way to the exploration of new grounds for diagnosis and treatment (Cullen, Brown) that laid foundations for a medical clinic. The theoretical framework was developed by Hermann Boerhaave, Gerard van Swieten implemented it whereas Anton de Haen filled it with crucial content. The emergence of the so-called Older Viennese School was an important beginning of clinical teaching in Europe. It was the experience of Vienna that drew Jędrzej Badurski, who in the late 1770s began the reform of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Cracow. This article is based mainly on sources from that time, aiming to reconstruct a theoretical basis and practical arrangements for the creation of the first Polish medical clinic. On the basis of the collected documents, it can be assumed that Badurski was fully aware of the importance of his decisions and paid attention to the latest achievements of the medical theory and practice. Thus, the clinic in Cracow was modelled on the leading clinical centers of the contemporary Europe.

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LOGIC OF MEDICINE IN INTERPRETATION OF WLADYSLAW SZUMOWSKI (Logika medycyny Wladyslawa Szumowskiego)

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Gryglewski R. W.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2009

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tom 54

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nr 1

7-20

EN

Among the Polish philosophers and historians of medicine of the turn of the 19th century Wladyslaw Bieganski was justly said to be the most eminent Polish logician of medicine, whose name is mentioned next to Franciszek Oesterlen - an originator of the modern logic of medicine. However, Bieganski was not the only person, who among Polish scientists paid so much attention to the discussed domain. After Bieganski one should mention with conviction the author of 'Logika dla medyków' (Logic for Medicals) - Wladyslaw Szumowski. The present text is an attempt at presenting Szumowski's ideas of the role and status of logic in medicine, and its importance for educating future doctors.

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DEFINITION OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE IN THE INTERPRETATION OF WLADYSLAW SZUMOWSKI (Historia medycyny w ujeciu Wladyslawa Szumowskiego)

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Gryglewski R. W.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2009

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tom 54

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nr 1

79-94

EN

Wladyslaw Szumowski is said to be one of the most eminent Polish historians of medicine. The present text is an attempt of describing Szumowski's ideas of the essence of the history of medicine, its place among sciences and a role it should play in education of future doctors. The paper presents both the definition and the methodology, which in Szumowski's opinion should result from the philosophy, and particularly from the logic. Szumowski is referring to these research inspirations, scientists and conceptions that had a significant influence on him. At the same time the author of the article is willing to extract an original thought of Szumowski and divide it from adopted ideas of other people's conceptions.