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1

Najstarsza organizacja parafialna na Żuławach Wielkich (do połowy XV w.)

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Długokęcki W.

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tom 20

9-29

EN

Żuławy Wielkie (the alluvial delta area of the Vistula River) in Middle Ages was not only most advanced in agriculture, self-government as well as the level of prosperity of its inhabitants, but it was also the territory with strong parish system. An average parish consisted of two villages. Only two exceptions are noticed, in Nowy Staw and Lichnowy, the latter being probably the oldest, established in the 13th Century and consisted of 6 – 7 villages. It is visible that inhabitants preferred the erection of single-village parishes or at least filial chapels. The right of patronage of all churches belonged to the Teutonic Order. The patron provided the parish with a benefice (usually 4 lans – 120 morgs of land). Moreover, the inhabitants had to pay a special contribution in corn (called meszne), while their representatives (vitrici) interfered with parish finances. Parochial schools were established, supported by the inhabitants and designed both to provide most talented children with basic education and to secure liturgical servants for the church. Some parish priests from the area of Żuławy Wielkie, particularly persons with university education, served at the courts of Pogesanian bishops and the Teutonic Order.

PL

Żuławy Wielkie były nie tylko regionem przodującym pod względem rozwoju rolnictwa, samorządności i zamożności mieszkańców, ale także organizacji parafialnej. Przeciętna parafia obejmowała dwie wsie. Jedynie nowostawska i lichnowska, najpewniej najstarsza, bo erygowana jeszcze w XIII w., liczyła 6 – 7 wsi. Daje się zauważyć dążenie mieszkańców do tworzenia parafii jednowioskowych lub przynajmniej budowy kaplic filialnych. Patronem wszystkich kościołów był zakon krzyżacki, który we wsiach wydzielał beneficjum – z reguły 4 łany ziemi. Mieszkańcy na utrzymanie parafii płacili tzw. meszne (świadczenie w zbożu), a przez witryków wpływali na jej finanse. Przy kościołach czynne były utrzymywane przez parafian szkoły, zapewniające najzdolniejszym dzieciom wiejskim elementarne wykształcenie i służbę liturgiczną w świątyniach. Niektórzy plebani wielkożuławscy, posiadający wykształcenie uniwersyteckie, pozostawali w służbie Zakonu krzyżackiego i biskupów pomezańskich.

2

Uwagi o dziejach Pruszcza Gdańskiego w średniowieczu

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Długokęcki W.

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nr 1

117-137

XX

In the 13th century Pruszcz was probably one of the places near Gdańsk which belonged to immigrants from Prussia. In the 14th century its area was extended to almost 90 lans (probably by combining a few smaller villages) and it adopted Culmic law (the privilege was renewed in 1367). The place became the local centre of craft and trade (the baker’s, the tailor’s, the stall, the butchery, taverns, the mill), which provided services to adjacent villages. Due to its location near Gdańsk and at the Radunia Canal, in Pruszcz during the Thirteen Years’ War there took place frequent fights between the Teutonic army and the armies of Poland and the Prussian Confederation, which built there two bastilles: one near the lock regulating the [ ow of water, and the other around the parish church. After 1454 Pruszcz became the property of Gdańsk. In 1472 the council gave the village and the right to its revenues to a few burghers for the period of 20 years in return for the debt of 1000 small grzywna (marks). The outline of the history of Pruszcz in the Middle Ages presented here is a polemic with the findings given by Beata Możejko and Błażej Śliwiński. They were based on the arbitrary attitude towards the sources (accepting the word Pruszcz as Puck in the document of 1328), and on their free translations and interpretations in reference to the foundation privilege, rent books, Gdańsk chronicles and others.

3

W sprawie późnośredniowiecznych testamentów gdańskich

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Długokęcki W.

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nr 3

115-139

EN

Late medieval last wills of burghers have aroused a growing interest among researchers in the last few decades as they constitute a source of information about economic, social and religious life, the family and mentality also in the Hanseatic zone. Last wills from Cologne,Hamburg,Stralsund and Lübeck have already been examined. Thus, Beata Możejko’s research on the last wills of Gdansk burghers was a justified initiative. However, the research turned out to be unsuccessful. Insufficient linguistic and palaeographic knowledge resulted in incorrect translations of many testaments. Some relevant fragments failed to be included in the translation. | e construction assumptions of the research raise objections as the social status of the majority of testators was not analyzed, nor the legal aspects of the last wills. That is why this important field in the history of Gdansk is still open to competent and in-depth research.