Alterations of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity occur in patients with thyroid disfunction. This paper is a review of the effect of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism in human beings and experimental animals on changes of the renin, angiotensinogen, angiotensin converting enzyme, angiotensin II and aldosterone concentrations and plasma renin activity.
This paper described newly discovered peptides, brain natriuretic peptide and C - type natriuretic peptide.Their structure and metabolism as well as peptides participation to many physiological and pathological states have been reviewed with a special emphasis to their role in blood pressure regulation and mineral and fluid balance.
NO mediates many systemic reactions in humans and animals. It is produced by constitutive synthases (cNOS) and one inducible by cytokines and endotoxines (iNOS). We summarize, on the base of experimental and clinical data, the pathophysiological role of NO in septic shock as well as the effects of pharmacological application of NOS inhibitors. The analysed data show, that the contribution of NO to the pathomechanism of septic shock is rather heterogenous, therefore the clinical therapeutical application of selective iNOS inhibitors is impossible without adequate new monitoring tools.
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