Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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The Development of Poland’s Air Defense System: The Operational Context

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Cieślak E.

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2020

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tom 1

1--10

EN

This article discusses the operational context for the development of Poland's air defense system. This assessment focuses on air defense operations in high intensity conflict. Recommendations include setting a realistic level of ambition in the field of air defense and increasing operational capabilities through the modernization of its combat assets. The priority proposed for Poland’s air defense system is to introduce a new generation of short range surface to air missile systems and then develop medium range air and missile defense capabilities.

2

Bezpieczeństwo cybernetyczne w lotnictwie cywilnym

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Cieślak E.

SECRETUM. Służby specjalne, bezpieczeństwo, informacja

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2016

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nr 2(5)

71 - 82

PL

Zagrożenia cybernetyczne w lotnictwie cywilnym obejmują szerokie spektrum zdarzeń – od intencjonalnego ingerowania w systemy informatyczne do niezamierzonych błędów ludzkich bądź usterek technicznych mających miejsce w naziemnych systemach nawigacyjnych, portach lotniczych oraz samych statkach powietrznych. Rosnące usieciowienie i cyfryzacja powodują, że skutki tych zagrożeń są odczuwalne we wszystkich sektorach lotnictwa cywilnego, generując kaskadowo negatywne konsekwencje. Doświadczenia związane z zagrożeniami cybernetycznymi stały się po 2012 r. przesłanką do podejmowania systemowych działań szerokiego środowiska interesariuszy lotnictwa cywilnego na rzecz poprawy bezpieczeństwa cybernetycznego w tym rodzaju lotnictwa. Wraz ze wzrostem skali i wyrafinowania zagrożeń cybernetycznych rośnie liczba działań na rzecz zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa cybernetycznego lotnictwa cywilnego.

EN

Cyber threats in civil aviation involve a broad range of incidents – from the intentional interference with the IT systems to the unintentional human errors or technical failures of the ground-based navigation systems, airports and aircraft. Due to the increase in networking and digitisation, the effects of these threats are felt in all sectors of civil aviation, rapidly generating negative consequences. Since 2012, the experience related to cyber threats has become the premise for undertaking the system actions by the extended environment of civil aviation stakeholders aiming to improve the cybersecurity in this kind of aviation. With the growing scale and sophistication of cyber threats, the number of actions aiming at ensuring cyber security of civil aviation is growing as well.

3

Air Defense of the Baltic States: Looking toward the Future

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Cieślak E.

Safety & Defense

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2021

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tom 2

12--21

EN

The article offers a discussion of the origins, current state, and the future of air defence for the Baltic states. It relates developments in the field of air defense to changes in the security environment and the defence policies of the Baltic states. The article starts with a retrospective on the origins and development of air defence in the Baltic states before they joined NATO. Then, it focuses on the early years of integration with NATO Integrated Air Defense System and implications for air defence related to changes in the security of the Euro-Atlantic region stemming from aggressive Russian actions. An assessment of the current posture of air defence in the Baltic states serves as a starting point for a discussion on requirements for future developments and predicting possible outcomes. The research uses unclassified, publicly available documents and analytical reports to provide background information for a discussion on the future of air defense for the Baltic states. The Baltic states are aware of the limitations of their air defense and try to develop this capability within available resources. Changes to security environment after 2014 gave a new impetus to develop the air defense of the Baltic states, both through efforts undertaken by NATO and for national capability development.

4

Unmanned Aircraft Systems: Challenges to Air Defense

100%

Cieślak E.

Safety & Defense

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2021

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tom 1

72--83

EN

The 2019 attacks on the oil processing facilities in Saudi Arabia and the effectiveness of combating Armenian long-range anti-aircraft systems have highlighted the nature and scale of the challenges for air defense posed by unmanned aircraft systems. The aim of this article is to summarize the lessons learned from the use of unmanned systems in recent conflicts, to assess the development of trends in such systems, and to discuss the implications of those developments for air defense. This article discusses the impact of the development of unmanned aircraft systems on air defense concepts, their organization, and the effectiveness of this defense for the defended assets. It also tries to highlight how unmanned aircraft systems may reduce the survivability of air defense systems. This research is based on publicly available documents related to air defense and unmanned aircraft systems as well as selected analytical studies on the implications of the development and use of unmanned aircraft systems for air defense. As such, this research identifies the possible challenges related to ensuring effective air defense against attacks by unmanned aircraft systems, resulting from the costs of defense despite the availability of technological solutions. It also raises the issue of survivability of air defense systems if attacked by unmanned aircraft systems.