This essay examines Italian translations of three Polish novels for young adults, written and set in communist Poland of the 1960s. The analysis focuses on the problems related to the translation of the culture-specific elements of Polish reality in that historical period, almost completely unknown to the young readers in Italy. An in-depth contrastive study of the strategies applied by the translators takes into consideration different channels of the transfer from the source text to the target text. Ożogowska’s translation has been made directly from Polish by an Italian native speaker, Domagalik’s novel is a secondhand translation from German, and Jurgielewicz’s book has been translated into Italian twice: firstly by a tandem of a native Polish speaker and an Italian author of children’s books and later by a native Polish speaker without extensive translational practice. The comparison between the texts brings forward the importance of extratextual factors in the process of translation.
Purpose: The main research objective entails identification of the project excellence manifestations in project-immature organizations as well as delineation of the areas of excellence positively affecting the PMMM-model-accordant organizational project maturity. Design/methodology/approach: To achieve the research objective, the methods of bibliometric analysis and literature review, as well as an opinion survey, statistical analysis and LOGIT modeling, were used in the theoretical and the empirical dimensions respectively. The study covered a group of large organizations registered in Poland, which were assessed with respect to their levels of project maturity and excellence. The statistical analysis carried out allowed a delineation of the excellence areas positively impacting project maturity in organizations at low stages of project maturity. Findings: The vast majority of the examined group of large organizations is characterized by low levels of project maturity and excellence. The entities surveyed meet the excellence criterion mainly in the areas of process integration and culture. Statistically, the area of excellence supporting organizational project maturity is informal project management. Areas of project excellence, which, if properly managed, will positively affect the level of organizational project maturity have been identified. Research limitations/implications: The use of non-probabilistic sampling is a research limitation restraining the conclusions formulated to the surveyed group of 48 large organizations. The study carried out can serve as an inducement of extended empirical investigations. Future research should be focused on the search for the factors supporting and hindering the achievement of higher levels of project maturity, in order to formulate assumptions regarding a strategy enabling organizations’ transition to higher levels of project maturity. Practical implications: The research results indicate important interdependencies between the stages of project maturity and the areas of excellence. These interdependencies call the attention of business and project-management practitioners to the prospect of achieving higher levels of organizational project maturity through targeted management of the key, from the positive¬impact perspective, areas of project excellence. Recognition of these mechanisms should encourage businesses to take deliberate steps aimed at improvement of organizational project management. Originality/value: The article fills an important cognitive gap by indicating that management activities focused on the project excellence areas identified in the paper can positively impact the levels of project maturity. The results can be of significance for both the researchers exploring for the factors supporting the achievement of higher project-maturity levels as well as the practitioners, i.e., organizations keen on methodical improvement of project maturity levels.
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