Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Study on Co-Digestion of Palm Oil Mill Effluent and Empty Fruit Bunches to Improve Biogas Production in Palm Oil Mill

100%

Amelia J. R. , Indraningtyas L. , Aguzaen A. A. , Hasanudin U.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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tom Vol. 25, nr 6

334--349

EN

Utilization of empty fruit bunches (EFB) to increase biogas production could be developed through co-digestion of palm oil mill effluent (POME). Pre-treatment of EFB (shredding, grinding, and soaking) before it is utilized as a feedstock for biogas production is important to increase the biodegradability of EFB. The evaluation of the impact of EFB utilization on biogas production should be investigated to determine the optimum process conditions for biogas production from EFB and POME. This research consists of three steps: 1) Optimization of size of EFB and ratio of EFB-POME, 2) Optimization of hydrolysis and acidification retention time, and 3) Optimization of biogas production. The research result shows that co-digestion of EFB and POME increases biogas and methane production. Compared to POME only, co-digestion using POME and EFB (shredded 10%, shredded 15%, crushed 10%, and crushed 15%) is increasing biogas production in batch systems by 54.1%, 54.1%, 45.5%, and 75.2%, respectively. The research result also shows that in a continuous system with HRT for 25 days and similar feedstock, biogas production increased by 43.3%, 41.6%, 35.6%, and 62.6%, respectively, with methane concentrations maintained at about 60%. Co-digestion of EFB-POME with 15% crushed EFB is recommended to be applied in palm oil mills to increase biogas production.

2

Kinetic Study of Adsorption of Metal Ions (Iron and Manganese) in Groundwater Using Calcium Carbide Waste

100%

Karim M. A. , Nasir S. , Widowati T. W. , Hasanudin U.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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tom Vol. 24, nr 5

155--165

EN

Calcium carbide waste (CCW), the rest of the carbide welding workshop industry, is available in quite a lot and is immediately disposed of into the environment. Because CWW has a high pH value and a large specific surface area, it can act as an adsorbent in removing metals from groundwater. The content of metals in groundwater is indicated by a reddish color; however, upon contact with air, groundwater oxidation causes iron ions and manganese ions to precipitate. Synthetic groundwater was prepared in this experiment using reagents containing and . Observations were made in a batch process to assess the potential and ability of CCW to reduce iron and manganese levels in groundwater. In this study, to achieve equilibrium, CCW was mixed with 100 mL of synthetic solution and shaken at 25°C with a shaker. Operating time, levels of Fe(II) and (Mn(II) metals, and the mass of CCW were some of the parameters studied in this study. CCW was very good at reducing levels of iron ions and manganese ions after 60 minutes of operation. The percentage of removal of iron and manganese ions respectively – successively increased from 93.765 to 97.99% for iron ions and manganese ions from 91.83 to 95.14% for the initial concentration range of 40 mg/L, 60 mg/L, 80 mg/L, and 100 mg/L. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetics of CCW adsorbent in a mixture of iron ion and manganese ion solutions is a second-order kinetic equation. This confirms that the adsorption of CCW on iron ions and manganese ions is a chemisorption process. Calcium carbide waste has the potential to act as an absorbent of heavy metals in groundwater, especially iron and manganese ions.

3

The Use of Biofilter in Anaerobic Baffled Reactor to Improve Quality of Methane Concentration and Effluent as Liquid Organic Fertiliser

100%

Ningsih L. M. , Hasanudin U. , Roubík H.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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tom Vol. 25, nr 9

226--234

EN

The biofilter used is a simple technology in anaerobic digestion to remove pollutants from the substrate to enhance biogas production and nutrient effluent, which can be used as liquid organic fertiliser. This study aims to determine the effect of using a biofilter to improve biogas production and biogas effluent as an organic fertiliser material. The results show that the highest methane concentration is 60.64% at a dosage 200 L·day-1. The total solid (TS) content of biogas effluent exhibits a decrease of approximately 44% across all substrate doses, with respective percentages of TS of 0.16%, 0.03%, 0.025%, and 0.034% for 50 L·day-1, 100 L·day-1, 150 L·day-1, and 200 L·day-1, respectively. The use of biofilters in an ABR can significantly enhance the quality of biogas effluent, rendering it suitable for use as a liquid organic fertiliser. By capturing and biodegrading pollutants, the biofilter component can further enrich the nutrient content of the effluent, which already contains essential nutrients due to the anaerobic conditions and compartmentalised design of the ABR. The nutrient content in the biogas effluent mix with nutrition (AB mix) namely; N-total 262.5 mg·L-1, P-available 0.399 mg·L-1, Ca 4.08 mg·L-1, Mg 25.24 mg·L-1, Cu 0.032 mg·L-1, and Fe 13.09 mg·L-1 follows the standard organic fertiliser of the Minister of Agriculture of Indonesia.

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The Influence of Pretreatment and Post Treatment with Alkaline Activators on the Adsorption Ability of Biochar from Palm Oil Empty Fruit

88%

Windiastuti E. , Indrasti N. S. , Hasanudin U. , Bindar Y. , Suprihatin

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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tom Vol. 24, nr 10

242--251

EN

Empty oil palm bunches (EFB) can be converted by hydrothermal carbonation process into biochar that can be used as low-cost adsorbent. This study aims to identify the effects of pretreatment and post-treatment using alkaline activators on the biochar characteristics produced from EFB. The activation process was carried out before and after pyrolysis by heating it using an autoclave at 121 °C for 90 minutes. Biochar was then soaked using NaOH or KOH with a concentration of 0%, 4%, 8% and 12% for 3h. The ability of biochar as an adsorbent was analyzed for its ability to absorb iodine and methylene blue. Iodine absorption analysis was carried out using the Titrimetric method, while the methylene blue absorption test was carried out using the Spectrophotometric method. Results of the analysis showed that the absorption capacity of the resulting biochar for iodine ranged from 208.86–616.32 mg/g, and the absorption capacity of biochar for methylene blue ranged from 62.53–81.11 mg/g.