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Teoria gier jako narzędzie politologa

100%

Haman J.

tom 36

69-93

The paper shows the place of rational choice theory and game theory in the social sciences, and especially political science. Game theory is a mathematical theory, but its use belong to the realm of social sciences. The main limitation of the applicability of rational choice, the assumption of individual rationality in political science is met satisfactorily. Even simple models, like the prisoner’s dilemma, tragedy of the commons, chicken, game of coordination, allow for an explanation of relevant social and political phenomena. The game theory is derived, or has strong ties with her, a number of areas of contemporary research in political science as theories of coalitions, veto players theory, social choice theory. Game theory models allow for precise to describe political phenomena, but also to build causal explanations.

OECD PISA methodology and the interpretation of Polish students’ results in the area of science

63%

Haman J. , Ostrowska E. B.

nr 1

19-41

The article presents the results and methodology of OECD PISA – the largest and most prestigious contemporary international study on pupils’ competence. The main methodological assumptions of sample surveys and their comparison with the analysis of data from the examination system are discussed. The article presents procedures for the creation of test items, with a particular focus on the tasks in the area of science and the rules of interpretation of the test results, with particular emphasis on the principles of statistical inference. Also discussed is the importance of the effect of the incomplete sample and subsequent attempts to interpret the results.