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EN
The aim of the study was to establish to what degree the 24-week exposure of a rat to 5 and 50 mg Cd/dm³ affects the proliferating activity of cells with PCNA and Ki-67 nuclear immunoreactivity in the submandibular gland cells. The control animals received only redistilled water to drink. The group I rats were given 5 mg Cd/dm³, while the group II animals were given 50 mg Cd/dm³. The highest concentration of cadmium was observed in group II, with a concomitant increase in the number of PCNA-positive cells. In group I, cadmium concentration was significantly less compared to group II, and there were fewer PCNA-positive cells. The reaction for Ki-67 in both experimental groups was negative.
EN
Human salivary glands secrete two types of mucins: oligomeric mucin (MG1) with molecular mass above 1 MDa and monomeric mucin (MG2) with molecular mass of 200-250 kDa. Monomers of MG1 and MG2 contain havily O-glycosylated tandem repeats located at the central domain of the molecules. MG1 monomers are linked by disulfide bonds located at sparsely glycosylated N- and C-end. MG1 are synthesized by mucous cells and MG2 by the serous cells of human salivary glands.
EN
Human glycophorin, the major sialoglycoprotein of erythrocyte membranes, was isolated from erythrocytes of healthy individuals and four patients with CDG syndrome. Sugar analysis revealed lower carbohydrate content in three out of four CDG-glycophorin samples. In order to characterize closer the glycosylation differences between glycophorin samples in health and disease, reaction with four biotinylated lectins was performed, using ELISA procedure on polystyrene microplates. Results obtained so far strongly suggest that both N- and O-glycans of glycophorin are affected in CDG syndrome.
EN
There is observed increasing pollution of environment by nitrosocompounds. Acute intoxication of animals by nitrosocompounds lead to necrosis and chronic exposure to neoplasm. We have little information on the influence of nitrosocompounds on metabolism of glycoconjugates (glycoproteins, glycolipids and proteoglycans) in animals. The aim of our work is evaluation the influence of exposure of rats for 10 and 90 days to N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), on activity of lysosomal exoglycosidases (enzymes hydrolysing terminal sugars in oligosaccharides) in the alimentary tract. It was found that intoxication of rats with NDMA increased specific activity of N-acetyl-b-hexosaminidase, b-galactosidase and a-mannosidase in majority of tissues of rat alimentary tract. Damage the cells of alimentary tract by NDMA or its metabolites, increase activity of exoglycosidases, because damaged tissue elements must be removed by catabolic enzymes before restoration processes can start.
EN
A new series of pyridine-containing analogues III-XXII of distamycin A and netropsin was investigated by the molecular mechanics technique and molecular modelling. A pyridine analogue of netropsin (VII) is described, the first compound based on molecular studies, and two carbocyclic analogues of distamycin A with an N-terminal chloro- or bromoacetyl group (VIa, VIIa) were synthesized, as well as carbocyclic analogues of netropsin (VIIIb, Xb), potential carriers of alkylating elements. The potential use of VIa, VII, VIIa, VIIIb and Xb as carriers to place into the minor groove of DNA chemical groups capable of modifying DNA, is discussed.
EN
Lyme disease (LD) is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, transferred by infected ticks Ixodus ricinus. LD occurs endemically in Europe, America and Northern regions of Asia. In Poland, LD is the most frequent tick borne disease, which causes serious epidemiological problems. The main health hazard of LD occurs on the forested areas of Podlasie, Maritime province, the West Poland lake district, and Carpathians. The highest incidence 114.0 per 100 000 was registered in Podlaskie province. The infectious cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi includes: nymph moulds to adult, eggs laid by female, eggs hatch to larva, larva feeds on first host, fully fed larva drops to ground, larva moulds to nymph, nymph attaches to and feeds on the second host. LD is a chronic disease attacking many organs, including the skin, heart, brain and joints. LD is divided into three stages based on clinical symptoms: I - limited infection (Erythema migrans and Borrelia lymphoma), II - disseminated infection (numerous erythema migrans, early neuro-borreliosis, joint inflammation, Lyme carditis), III - late borreliosis (chronic atrophic limbs infla-mmation, late neuroborreliosis, chronic joint infla-mmation). At present, the best diagnostic method for LD is a labor- and time consuming two-stage serological method. First-line antibiotics in the treatment of Lyme disease are doxycycline, amoxicillin, cefuroxime axetil, ceftriaxone, cefo-taxime, and penicillin G. The best method of avoiding Borrelia burgdorferi infection is to avoid biting from ticks carrying spirochetes. Early removal of ticks, protects against spirochaetal infection.
EN
Background. In hospital patients suffering from adverse clinical and biochemical symptoms of malnutrition, it is often necessary to employ parenteral nutrition to avoid the body’s tissue becoming broken down by being metabolised. Thus, the patient’s welfare and survival can be supported throughout any periods of medical crisis. Two of the enzymes responsible for metabolising glycoconjugates are a-fucosidase (FUC) and p-glucuronidase (GLU), present in lysosomes. They release fucose or glucuronic acid from the non-reducing end of oligosaccharide chains. Objective. To determine the effect of parenteral nutrition administered to ill patients, on glycoconjugate metabolism, by measuring serum and urinary activities of FUC and GLU. Material and methods. Blood samples and the daily urine collection were taken from 23 patients’ who had been undergoing parenteral nutrition for either 5 or 10 days, as well as from a baseline sample. Enzyme activities in serum and urine were determined by the method of Zwierz et al. Results. Serum FUC activities were significantly lower after 10 days compared to 5, (p< 0.0172), whereas GLU activities were significantly lower after both 5 and 10 days, (p< 0.0007 and p< 0.0208 respectively), compared to levels before starting parenteral nutrition. GLU activities were however higher after 10 days than those after 5 days, (p< 0.0023). In urine, FUC activities were significantly decreased after 10 days compared to 5 days after starting parenteral nutrition, (p< 0.0245). Urine GLU activities were unaffected by parenteral nutrition nor was any effect seen on FUC or GLU activities when calculated per 1mg creatinine. Conclusions. Serum FUC and GLU activities can be used for assessing the effect of parenteral nutrition on glycoconjugate metabolism. The significant decreases of serum GLU activity observed after 5 and 10 days, may serve to indicate that the components of parental nutrition are appropriate and that the body has become suitably adapted to this form of nutrition.
PL
Wprowadzenie. Kliniczne lub biochemiczne objawy niedoborów pokarmowych stwarzają konieczność wdrożenia żywienia pozajelitowego w celu ograniczenia katabolizmu własnych tkanek i stworzenia warunków umożliwiających choremu przetrwanie krytycznego okresu, a-fukozydaza (FUC) i P-glukuronidaza (GLU) są enzymami lizosomalnymi uczestniczącymi w katabolizmie glikokoniugatów. Odcinają fukozę (FUC) lub kwas glukuronowy (GLU) od nieredukującego końca łańcuchów oligosacharydowych. Cel . Celem badań było zbadanie wpływu żywienia pozajelitowego na katabolizm glikokoniugatów poprzez ocenę aktywności FUC i GLU w surowicy krwi i moczu chorych żywionych pozajelitowo. Materiał i metody. Krew z żyły łokciowej oraz mocz z dobowej zbiórki pobrano od 23 pacjentów żywionych pozajelitowo trzykrotnie: przed rozpoczęciem żywienia pozajelitowego, w piątej oraz dziesiątej dobie alimentacji dożylnej. Aktywność FUC i GLU w surowicy krwi i moczu oznaczano metodą kolorymetryczną Zwierza i wsp. Wyniki. W trakcie żywienia pozajelitowego, stężenie aktywności FUC w surowicy krwi uległo istotnemu obniżeniu w dziesiątej dobie (p<0,0172), w porównaniu do doby piątej, żywienia pozajelitowego. Stężenie aktywności GLU istotne obniżyło się (p<0,0007) w piątej oraz (p<0,0208) dziesiątej dobie, w porównaniu do aktywności przed zastosowaniem żywienia pozajelitowego. Stężenie aktywności GLU istotnie rosło (p<0,0023) w dziesiątej dobie, w porównaniu do piątej doby żywienia pozajelitowego. Stężenie aktywności FUC w moczu uległo istotnemu obniżeniu (p<0,0245) w dziesiątej dobie, w porównaniu do piątej doby żywienia pozajelitowego. Żywienie pozajelitowe nie wpływa istotnie na stężenie aktywności GLU w moczu oraz moczowe aktywności FUC i GLU przeliczane na 1 mg kreatyniny. Wnioski. Stężenia aktywności FUC i GLU w surowicy mogą być użyte do oceny wpływu żywienia pozajelitowego na katabolizm glikokoniugatów. Istotne obniżenie aktywności GLU w surowicy krwi w 5 i 10 dniu pozajelitowego żywienia, może świadczyć o prawidłowym doborze składników i adaptacji organizmu do żywienia pozajelitowego.
EN
Nasal polyps are soft, pink or pearl white outgrowths usually connected with nasal mucosa by flaccid crus. A histological image of nasal polyps indicates significant differences in particular cases. Because of the variety of nasal polyps, the choice of proper laryngological treatment is very difficult. Difficulties in treatment are due to the lack of consensus among physicians regarding the etiopathogenesis of nasal polyps. Probably etiopathogenesis of nasal polyps is not homogeneous and polyps’ formation is influenced by many coexisting mechanisms.
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