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3 International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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Exposure to ionizing radiation of medical staff performing vascular and interventional radiology procedures

100%

Biegała M. , Jakubowska T. , Domienik-Andrzejewska J.

nr 4

403-410

Objectives Vascular and interventional radiology procedures are characterized by high exposure of personnel to ionizing radiation. This study assessed the exposure of medical personnel to ionizing radiation during vascular radiology and mechanical thrombectomy procedures. Material and Methods During vascular radiology procedures, the exposure of 4 groups of workers participating in the procedures was analyzed, i.e., the main operating physician, an assistant physician, a sterile nurse, and a nurse. Measurements of exposure to ionizing radiation were performed using thermoluminescent dosimetry. Results The registered effective dose during 1 treatment in individual groups is, respectively: mean (M) ± standard deviation (SD) 75±15 μSv, 24±5 μSv, 13±3 μSv, and 8±2 μSv. During mechanical thrombectomy, the operating physician receives an effective dose of M±SD 9±2 μSv. The equivalent doses for the lenses for the operating physician and the doctor assisting during vascular radiology procedures are M±SD 1419±285 μSv and 987±198 μSv, respectively, and for the hands, including the left and right hands, M±SD 4605±930 μSv, 1420±284 μSv, 1898±380 μSv, 1371±274 μSv. Conclusions If the principles of optimizing radiological protection are not applied during vascular radiology procedures, the permissible dose limits and operational limits equivalent to doses to lenses and hands may be exceeded. Exposure during vascular radiology procedures is comparable to exposure during nuclear medicine procedures in terms of the use of glucose labeled with radioactive fluorine.

Exposure to ionizing radiation by service personnel working with cyclotrons used to produce radiopharmaceuticals in PET diagnostics

100%

Biegała M. , Jakubowska T. , Wrzesień M. , Albiniak Ł.

nr 6

753-760

Objectives While working with cyclotrons used for the production of radiopharmaceuticals, workers can experience significant exposure to the adverse effects of ionizing radiation. The aim of this paper was to determine the typical level of such exposure received by such personnel while servicing cyclotrons. Material and Methods Exposure was assessed using TLD detectors placed in an anthropomorphic phantom, as well as dose meter to determine whole body and eye lens exposure. The phantom was placed in locations receiving the greatest exposure to ionizing radiation during service activities. The time spent by employees during servicing was assessed based on routine visits by service technicians. The obtained results were compared with readings of detectors worn by employees during service activities. Results The highest equivalent doses in the thoracic area were found to be received by the lungs (211.16 μSv/year). In the head and neck area, the highest dose was measured in the eye lens (3410 μSv/year). The effective dose for the whole body was found to be 1154.4 μSv/year, based on the phantom, and 149 μSv per service visit (1192 μSv/year), based on the dose meters carried by the workers. Conclusions Service workers are exposed to significant doses of ionizing radiation, representing a clear radiological protection issue. To reduce exposure to eye lenses, it is recommended to use protective goggles when working with highly-radioactive elements.

Analysis of dose distribution around a computed tomography scanner in terms of exposure to scattered ionizing radiation of caregivers of pediatric patients

88%

Biegała M. , Brodecki M. , Skoczylas K. , Jakubowska T. , Domienik-Andrzejewska J.

nr 3

326-334

Objectives During computed tomography (CT), a large amount of ionizing radiation is emitted to ensure high quality of the obtained radiological image. This study measured the dose distribution around the CT scanner and the exposure of people staying near the CT scanner during the examination. Material and Methods The measurements used an anthropomorphic phantom to assess human exposure to ionizing radiation. The probability of inducing leukemia and other cancers as a result of absorbing doses recorded around the CT device was also calculated. Results The highest exposure to scattered radiation in the proximity of the CT scanner is recorded at the gantry of the tomograph, i.e., 55.7 μGy, and the lowest, below lower detection limit of 6 μGy at the end of the diagnostic table. The whole-body detector placed on the anthropomorphic phantom located at the diagnostic table right next to the CT gantry recorded 59.5 μSv and at the end of the table 1.5 μSv. The average doses to the lenses in these locations were: 32.1 μSv and 2.9 μSv, respectively. Conclusions The probability of induction of leukemia or other types of cancer is low, but the need for people to stay in the examination room during a CT examination should be limited to the necessary minimum.