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Numerical studies of plasma edge in W7-X with 3D FINDIF code

100%

Jabłczyńska M. , Pełka G. , Jakubowski M. , Ślęczka M.

Nukleonika

2023

tom Vol. 68, No. 4

83--90

Modelling of the plasma transport for inherently three-dimensional (3D) problems as in stellarators requires dedicated complex codes. FINDIF is a 3D multifl uid plasma edge transport code that has been previously successfully used for the analysis of energy transport in the TEXTOR-DED tokamak [1], where 3D perturbations led to an ergodic structure of fi eld lines in the plasma edge. The ongoing efforts to apply it meaningfully to Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) plasma problems resulted in advancements in the main model and accompanying tools for mesh generation and post-processing. In order to verify the applicability of the code and to compare with the reported simulation (EMC3-EIRENE) and experimental (OP1.1) results, a series of simulations for varying plasma density, temperature and anomalous transport coeffi cients as well as for fi xed input power were performed. The connection length pattern of FINDIF traced magnetic fi eld lines on the limiter was reproduced and its impact on heat loads was confi rmed. An increase in the peak heat load on the limiter with a rise in plasma density, temperature and anomalous plasma transport coeffi cients was observed. The decay lengths of density, electron temperature and heat fl ux did not change with density, and were decreasing with temperature and increasing with anomalous plasma transport coeffi cient, which was compared to the simple scrape-off layer (SOL) model.

The biomechanical formation of trees

63%

Jelonek T. , Tomczak A. , Karaszewski Z. , Jakubowski M. , Arasimowicz-Jelonek M. , Grzywiński W. , Kopaczyk J. , Klimek K.

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

2019

tom vol. 62, nr 204

5--22

Tree biomechanics and biomechanical tree stability are research problems that have been discussed in world literature for many years. The biomechanical profile formation in trees is an extremely complicated problem and has not been fully clarified to date. It is influenced by many factors, which determine tree growth, tree development, multifunctionality of organs, and anatomical elements in xylem. The phenomenon is further affected by the overlapping of functions and development of numerous interactions between all the systems found in living trees. This paper presents a synthetic description of selected research results, providing insight into the mechanical functioning of trees, from initial theories of mechanical tree formation to the influence of dynamic load on tree stability. Trees are a biological structure that shows high adaptability to external conditions. Thus, the response to a specific environmental stressor, including abiotic and biotic factors, should be considered. Analyses of the biomechanical system in plants need to be considered in a broader context than a selected single load. Due to the complexity of these phenomena and numerous interactions, we need more multidisciplinary research to explain biomechanical mechanism of tree development.