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Resistance breeding against Plum pox virus (PPV) in Austria: state of the art

100%

Laimer M. , Mendonca D. , da Camara Machado A. , Maghuly F. , Khan M. , Katinger H.

Phytopathologia Polonica

2005

tom 36

In vitro propagation of Picconia azorica (Tutin) Knobl. (Oleaceae) an Azorean endangered endemic plant species

84%

Mendonca D. , Luna S. , Bettecourt S. , Lopes M. S. , Monteiro L. , Drumonde Neves J. , Monjardino P. , de Camara Machado A.

nr 03

Picconia azorica (Tutin) Knobl. (Oleaceae) is a woody plant endemic from the Azores. It is considered as a part of a true relict taxon, reflecting its phylogeny, genetics and geography. Given the fragile status of this species, effective management and conservation are necessary for its survival and repopulation, initially for ecological reasons, but ultimately for forestry purposes as a valuable source of timber. Micropropagation is a useful tool for conservation programs, and in vitro culture techniques have, therefore, been developed for P. azorica by testing different combinations of media and growth regulators at each micropropagation stage. Adult plants from the field were successfully established in vitro on Rugini olive medium supplemented with 24.6 μM 2-isopentenyl adenine (2iP), resulting in 91.2 % sprouting of the nodal explants that survived the disinfection stage, although similar results were achieved using 18.2 lM zeatin. At the multiplication stage, the best shoot quality and the best compromise between shoot length and new axillary shoot development were achieved using the modified macronutrients Driver and Kuniyuki walnut medium supplemented with 24.6 μM 2iP and 0.6 μM indole-3 acetic acid. Rooting was most successful with half-strength macronutrients combined with 10 μM indole-3 butyric acid. Using this micropropagation protocol, a wide range of accessions were successfully established in vitro and are now being propagated on a larger scale for ecosystem restoration.

Biotechnology of temperate fruit trees and grapevines

84%

Laimer M. , Mendonca D. , Maghuly F. , Marzban G. , Leopold S. , Khan M. , Balla I. , Katinger H.

nr 3

Challenges concerning fruit trees and grapevines as long lived woody perennial crops require adapted biotechnological approaches, if solutions are to be found within a reasonable time frame. These challenges are represented by the need for correct identification of genetic resources, with the foreseen use either in conservation or in breeding programmes. Molecular markers provide most accurate information and will be the major solution for questions about plant breeders rights. Providing healthy planting material and rapid detection of newly introduced pathogens by reliable methods involving serological and molecular biological tools will be a future challenge of increases importance, given the fact that plant material travels freely in the entire European Union. But also new breeding goals and transgenic solutions are part of the biotechnological benefits, e.g. resistance against biotic and abiotic stress factors, modified growth habits, modified nutritional properties and altered processing and storage qualities. The successful characterization of transgenic grapevines and stone fruit trees carrying genes of viral origin in different vectors constructed under ecological consideration, will be presented. Beyond technical feasibility, efficiency of resistance, environmental safety and Intellectual Property Rights, also public acceptance needs consideration and has been addressed in a specific project. The molecular determination of internal quality parameters of food can also be addressed by the use of biotechnological tools. Patient independent detection tools for apple allergens have been developed and should allow to compare fruits from different production systems, sites, and genotypes for their content of health threatening compounds.