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RU
Роль диких животных как резервуара и источника инфекции С. burnetii не была еще достаточно зучена. Серологические исследования зубров обитающих в Беловежской пуще внушают наличие естественного очага Ку-лихорадки. На 47 серологически исследованных зубров противотела анти-С. burnetii показали у 36 (76,5%) зубров. Среди исследованных 39 работников Национального Беловежского парка противотела обнаружили у 4 (10,2%) в титре от 1:4 до 1:8. На 70 исследованных диких животных (олень, косуля, кабан, лисица, енот, заяц, барсук) только у 1 (косуля, козёл) отметили титр 1:4 (±1:8). Наиболее пригодной благодаря своей чувствительности оказалась реакция микроагглютинации. Необходимы дальнейшие серологические исследования пополненные попыткой изоляции С. burnetii из клещей.
EN
The role of wild animals as a reservoir and source of infection by C. burnetii has not been come to know well yet. Serological survey of aurochs in the Białowieża forest suggest the presence of the focus of Q fever. Antibodies against C. burnetii were found in 36 of 47 (76.5%); aurochs. Of 39 examined workers of the National Białowieża Park the antibodies were noted in 4 persons (10.2%); titers ranged from 1:4 to 1:8. Of 70 hunting game (stag, roe-deer, wild boar, fox, raccon dog, hare, badger) only in 1 animal (roe-deer) specific antibodies were found (titer: 1:4±1:8). Microagglutination test proved to be most useful. According to authors further studies including attempts to isolate C. burnetii from ticks are necessary.
EN
Domestic pigs play the main role in the epidemiology of Aujeszky’s disease (AD), because they are only species which can survive the AD virus (Herpesvirus suis) infection. Thus the European wild boar (Sus scrofa L.), apart from feral pigs living in the United States of America, both belonging to the Suidae family, should also be taken into consideration as potential AD virus reservoirs and sources of infection. The aim of our study was to evaluate the Herpesvirus suis occurence and infection level of the wild boar population in Olsztyn province and to estimate its potential significance as a reservoir and source of infection for domestic pigs and other animal species. The study material was blood taken from heart or pleural cavity immediately after the animals’ hunting. Altogether in two hunting seasons 1994/95 and 1995/96 34 blood samples were examined, which represents about 10% to the total wild boar number obtained yearly in hunting area Ł. Serological studies were performed by gE-ELISA test using CHEKIT-PRV-gl-ELlSA (Dr Bommeli AG, Switzerland). The results of serological studies indicated that 11.8% of all tested wild boars were seropositive, which means that Herpesvirus suis 1 infection accurs in the wild boar population in Olsztyn province and therefore these animals can be a reservoir and source of infection for domestic pigs in herds free of AD and for other domestic and free-living susceptible animals. These results are discussed in the light of unfavourable AD epidemic situation in Olsztyn province.
EN
The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of control serological examinations in maintaining a pig farm’s status as being free from Aujeszky’s disease virus - Herpesvirus suis type 1 (SHV-1), through realising a vaccination - eradication programme. The studies were carried out in the biggest large-scale pig farm in Poland - farm B., having over 2000 reproductive pigs, where SHV-1 was eliminated using the above programme and at which further procedures in preventing SHV-1 reintroduction to farm B. were explained. Blood samples for serological examinations were taken randomly from 5% reproductive pigs and 5 fattening pigs from every fattening house. Serological examinations using gE-ELISA - Pseudorabies Virus gpl Antibody Test Kit (Herd Chek Anti - PRV gpl), IDEXX Lab. Inc. USA were performed. In 1999, three control examinations 4 months apart were undertaken on 653 pigs. Serological examinations revealed that the pig herd in farm B. was free from SHV-1, which proved the efficacy of the vaccination - eradication programme. The article discusses the risk factors involved in the realisation of Aujeszky’s disease (AD) eradication programmes as well as stressing the need to continue pig vaccinations in herds free from SHV-1 where there exists the risk of reinfection. It also emphasises the necessity to start the realisation of national AD eradication programme as soon as possible in the light of the imminent acceptance of Poland into the European Union.
EN
The development in the late 80-s of the deleted (marker) vaccines, which enable serological differentiation between pigs infected with Herpesvirus suis type 1 (SHV-1) and those vaccinated with these vaccines, was the turning point in Aujeszky’s disease (AD) eradication. A vaccination-eradication programme based on deleted, mainly gE-negative, vaccines is at present intensively implemented in several European countries and in the United States with planned completion in the year 2000. The objective of the study was to evaluate the results of SHV-1 elimination from pig farms after 5 years of implementing the vaccination-eradication programme. The study was carried out in two highly infected pig farms R. and B. located in the north-eastern region of Poland, in which implementation of this programme was the most advanced. In the years 1996-1998 intensive vaccinations of all the pigs in both farms using Porcilis Begonia vaccine (Intervet, Holland) were continued. To control the decrease of SHV-1 infection level, the serological examinations of reproductive pigs and pigs from other age groups using gE-ELISA - Pseudorabies Virus gp I Antibody Test Kit (Herd Chek Anti-PRV gp I), IDEXX Lab. Inc. USA were performed. In farm R. the study revealed a decrease of SHV-1 infection level in reproductive pigs from 100% to 10,7% after 3.5 years of pig vaccinations. Positive results were found in only 8 out of 72 sows, with no seropositives in boars and fatteners. In farm B. after 4.5 years of pig vaccinations and 1.5 years of culling SHV-1 infected reproductive pigs, only 3 doubtful results (1 boar, 2 sows) out of 1714 sows and gilts and 38 boars were found. There were no seropositives among piglets and fatteners. Farm B. is the first pig farm in Poland in which SHV-1 was eliminated using „vaccination-eradication programme” for about 5 years (62 months). It is proof that this programme can be effective in SHV-1 elimination even in very large and highly infected pig farms.
PL
Gorączka Q stanowi ważny problem epizootiologiczno-epidemiologiczny u ludzi i bydła w regionie Żuław. Badania przeprowadzone w 9 Zakładach Rolnych wy­kazały obecność przeciwciał anty C. burnetii u bydła w 6 fermach hodowlanych: w ZR „Janów" — 92% badanych zwierząt, ZR „Stegna Gdańska" — 42%, ZR „Marynów" — 15%, ZR „Nowinki" — 10%, ZR „Tuja" — 6% i ZR „Orłowo" — 4%. W fermie „Janów" wykryto u 11 pracowników (14%) przeciwciała anty C. bur­netii. Hospitalizowano 3 osoby. Szczególnie wysoki odsetek przeciwciał wykazano odczynem ELISA u ludzi w 5 fermach. W diagnostyce różnicowej chorób odzwierzęcych u ludzi i zwierząt zamieszkujących ten region lekarze winni uwzględnić gorączkę Q. W ZR „Janów" stwierdzono wysoki odsetek przeciwciał anty C. burnetii u gry­zoni (myszy domowe) żyjących w magazynach paszowych (80%), które stanowią niebezpieczny rezerwuar i źródło zakażenia gorączką Q. Najmniej przydatny w diagnostyce okazał się odczyn wiązania dopełniacza, naj­czulszy — test ELISA, a następnie odczyn immunofluorescencyjny i odczyn mikroaglutynacji.
RU
ЭПИЗООТИОЛОГИЧЕСКО-ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ СИТУАЦИЯ КУ-ЛИХОРАДКИ У КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА И ЛЮДЕЙ В ЖУЛАВСКОМ РЕГИОНЕ Краткое содержание Ку-лихорадка является важной эпизоотиологическо-эпидемиологической проблемой для людей и крупного рогатого скота в регионе Жулав. Исследования, проведенные в 9 хозяйствах, выявили присутствие антител против С. burnetii на 6 животновод­ческих фермах: в хозяйстве „Янув" — 92% исследованных животных, хозяйстве „Стегна Гданьска" — 42%, хозяйстве „Марынув" — 15%, хозяйстве „Новинки" — — 10%, хозяйстве „Туя" — 6% и в хозяйстве „Орлово" — 4%. На ферме „Янув" у 11 работников (14%i) обнаружили антитела против С. burnetii. В больницу поместили 3 человек. Особенно высокий процент антител обнаружили с помощью реакции ELISA у людей на 5 фермах. При дифференциальной диагнос­тике зоонозов у людей и животных, обитающих в этом регионе, врачи должны при­нимать во внимание Ку-лихорадку. В хозяйстве „Янув" отметили высокий процент антител против С. burnetii у жи­вущих в кормовых складах грызунов (домашних мышей) (80%|) которые являются опасным резервуаром и источником заражения Ку-лихорадкой. Наименее пригодной в диагностике оказалась реакция связывания комплемента, наиболее чувствительным — тест ELISA, а потом реакция иммунофлуоресценции и реакция микроагглютинации.
EN
the Janów farm — 92% of the total number of examined the animals, the Stegna Gdańska farm — 42%, the Marуnów farm — 15%, the Nowinki farm — 10%, the Tuja farm — 0%„ and the Orłowo farm — 4%. 11 workers (14%) from the Janów farm had the anti — C. burnetii antibodies. 3 persons were hospitalized. Significantly high percentage of antibodies in men from 5 farms was found using ELISA kit. It is recommended that practitioners working in this district should take into consideration Q fever in the differential diagnostics of zoonoses in man and animals. On the Janów farm, a high percentage of anti — C. burnetii antibodies was found in rodents (domestic mice) living in feeds storerooms (80%). Rodents are the dangerous reservoir and source of Q fever infections. The complement fixation test was found to be the least useful in the diagnostics. The most sensitive was ELISA kit and next the immunofluorescence test and micro agglutination test.
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