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EN
The Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico is endemic with Chagas disease. The main vector responsible for Trypanosoma cruzi transmission is Triatoma dimidiata which is abundant in domestic, peridomestic and sylvan cycles. The abundance of vectors favours T. cruzi transmission and is a high risk for developing chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC). In the past 10 years, little information was available on parasite seroprevalence and the prevalence of CCC in the Yucatan Peninsula. In the present work, we studied two Mayan communities with a high abundance of T. dimidiata and a random serial sample of 233 patients with an altered electrocardiogram or cardiac failure admitted to the Regional Hospital. A homemade enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect immunofluorescence standardized techniques were used to detect anti-T. cruzi IgG. In addition, Mayan volunteers were monitored by electrocardiography. In the Mayan communities, 4.8% (3/63) subjects were positive for T. cruzi antibodies none of them presented electrocardiographic alterations, however in seronegative subjects were detected right or left ventricle hypertrophy in 25% (16/63). A remarkable finding was that 90% of the Mayan population recognized the vector and 65% of them had experienced contact with triatomines bites. At the Regional Hospital 0.42% (1/233) were positive for T. cruzi antibodies showing compatible diagnosis with CCC; the most frequent pathology in this population was hypertension in 65% (151/233) and the less frequent was dilated myocardiopathy 6% (14/233). In conclusion, the prevalence of T. cruzi infection and CCC can be considered low in Yucatan, Mexico.
EN
An immune response to triatomine’s saliva is an immunological marker of exposure to triatomine bites. However, considerable variability in salivary protein profiles did exist among species. In the present work, we compare salivary proteins from Mexican Triatoma dimidiata and Rhodnius prolixus using 2-D electrophoresis. A clear differential saliva profile was found to exist between these two triatomine species. Fewer protein spots were detected in R. prolixus than in T. dimidiata. More than half of the proteins had an isoelectric point between 5 and 7 and a molecular weight between 10 and 30 kDa in T. dimidiata. Mice exposed to T. dimidiata saliva mount an immune response to three major cross-reacting antigens in R. prolixius saliva with weights of 10 kDa and 55 kDa. Our findings may alert for the presence of cross-reacting antigens between triatomine species in regions where two or more species are overlapping in the same geographical area.
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