The Jean Jacques Rousseau’s concept of the social contract is an original rationalistic model of the functioning of the law-based state. According to the concept every individual volontarily [helps to] create and represents the national structures and fully identifies with their system of law. Rousseau’s concept includes both the psychological and sociological aspects, which, having been integrated with each other, make a structural whole in the national and political dimensions. The author of The Social Contract combined the two most important existential aspects of man-and-citizen, whom Aristoteles named zoon politikon – a combination of individual freedom and obligation to submit to the law. The synthesis of individual freedom and social obligations as a citizen produces social freedom. The originality of such a combination is rooted in the concept of the universal will – the final criterium for a functioning of an individual and a state. What is more important, the universal will is a basic guarrantee of harmony, peace and security.
The dynamic processes of modernization have affected the quantitative and qualitative dimensions of an unprecedented social transformation. It can be said that man has entered into hitherto unknown realms of abstraction. One of its dimensions is cyberspace with attributes that elude previous identifiers of physical three-dimensional space. The highly dynamized processes of technological progress have situated societies in new dimensions of risk. The likelihood of positive or negative events has been etiologically linked to the effects of „producing”, processing, storing, and transmitting the information. This article aims to analyze the factors justifying the crystallization of a risk society, a key identifier of which is cyberspace, the associated risks, and security measures in the context of shaping cybersecurity
In the history of the development of the theory of the war and the peace one should single two directions out: idealistic and realistic. The idealistic current assumes the forming of the peace through the ruthless elimination of the war as the sign of pathological relations between political individuals. The realistic current perceives the war as an integral element of the transformation of the history and formings of individual identity of the man. He is deciphering all attempts of the elimination of the war as the criticism and the negation of natural instructions of units and communities. Views of Hegel and Nietzsche are becoming part of a realistic course of the theory of the war and the peace.
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