For an L²-bounded Calderón-Zygmund Operator T acting on $L²(ℝ^{d})$, and a weight w ∈ A₂, the norm of T on L²(w) is dominated by $C_T ||w||_{A₂}$. The recent theorem completes a line of investigation initiated by Hunt-Muckenhoupt-Wheeden in 1973 (MR0312139), has been established in different levels of generality by a number of authors over the last few years. It has a subtle proof, whose full implications will unfold over the next few years. This sharp estimate requires that the A₂ character of the weight can be exactly once in the proof. Accordingly, a large part of the proof uses two-weight techniques, is based on novel decomposition methods for operators and weights, and yields new insights into the Calderón-Zygmund theory. We survey the proof of this Theorem in this paper.
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For 1 < p < ∞ and for weight w in $A_{p}$, we show that the r-variation of the Fourier sums of any function f in $L^{p}(w)$ is finite a.e. for r larger than a finite constant depending on w and p. The fact that the variation exponent depends on w is necessary. This strengthens previous work of Hunt-Young and is a weighted extension of a variational Carleson theorem of Oberlin-Seeger-Tao-Thiele-Wright. The proof uses weighted adaptation of phase plane analysis and a weighted extension of a variational inequality of Lépingle.
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