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1

Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on the Mortality and Pathogenicity of Entomopathogenic Nematodes

100%

Kucharska K. , Pezowicz E. , Tumialis D. , Barkowska M.

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tom Vol. 18, nr 8

1065-1070

EN

The effect of silver nanoparticles on the mortality of entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis bacteriophora from Nematop biopreparation and Steinernema feltiae from Owinema biopreparation was researched. It was found that mortality depends on nano-Ag concentrations and on the time of larval contact with them. In this study the effect of different concentrations of nano-Ag on pathogenic properties of entomopathogenic nematodes was also studied. No significant differences were observed.

PL

Badano wpływ nanocząstek srebra na śmiertelność nicieni entomopatogennych Heterorhabditis bacteriophora pochodzących z biopreparatu Nematop oraz Steinernema feltiae pochodzących z biopreparatu Owinema. Stwierdzono, że śmiertelność ich zależy od stężenia nanocząstek srebra oraz czasu kontaktu larw z tymi roztworami. Zbadano również wpływ różnych stężeń nano-Ag na patogenność nicieni. Nie stwierdzono różnic istotnych statystycznie.

2

Behaviour of house mice in semi-confined conditions: influence of spatial separation and population size

100%

Walkowa W. , Kotenkova E. , Adamczyk K. , Barkowska M.

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nr 3

EN

Quantitative scores for 4 behavioural patterns, especially those of an antagonistic nature, were recorded from wild individual of Mus musculus mutsculus Linnaeus, 1758 living in semi-confinement in an outdoor enclosure divided into four pens. The enclosure was "permeable", in that mice were able to move between pens and between the enclosure and the outside. The population was monitored by the capture-mark-recapture method. In the spring of 1988 and 1989 the behaviour of mice trapped in the enclosure was studied in unisexual encounters in a neutral arena. There were no significant differences in scores for behaviour in relation to the degree of spatial separation of the places of capture of individuals paired together (except in the number of attempts to escape noted for females in 1989 and the total activity noted for males in 1988). Males and females did not differ significantly in scores for aggressive behaviour, but mice were more aggressive and more active in 1989 when the population in the enclosure was smaller, than in 1988, when it was larger.

3

The effect of trends in ambient temperature on egg volume in the Tree Sparrow Passer montanus

100%

Barkowska M. , Pinowski J. , Pinowska B.

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nr 1

4

Infestation of sand lizards [Lacerta agilis] resident in the Northeastern Poland by Ixodes ricinus [L.] ticks and their infection with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato

100%

Gryczynska-Siemiatkowska A. , Siedlecka A. , Stanczak J. , Barkowska M.

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nr 2

EN

Sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) were trapped and examined for ticks from May to September in 2002 and 2003 in Northeastern Poland. A total of 233 Ixodes ricinus (L.) ticks (76 larvae and 157 nymphs) was found on 31 of 235 captured lizards (13.2%). The tick infestation is relatively low compared to that of mammals and passerine birds from the same area (Siński et al. 2006, Gryczyńska et al. 2002). Tick infestation depended on the month of capture, being the highest in spring. In autumn no ticks were recorded on any of the captured lizards. The oldest lizards carried the highest number of ticks but no differences related to sex of the host were found. All the collected ticks were analysed by PCR for the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the etiological agents of Lyme disease. Spirochetes were detected in 11 out of 233 (4.7%) ticks tested. Genetic analysis confirmed that the spirochetes are members of the Borrelia afzelii, B. garinii and B. burgdorferi sensu stricto genospecies. Mixed infection were not detected. The prevalence of infection was analysed in relation to months of the capture, age and sex of the lizards, but differences were not statistically significant. The obtained results suggest that lizards are probably not B. burgdorferi reservoirs, but further studies are required to confirm this.

5

Analysis of Ixodes ricinus [L.] tick burdens in a resident passerine bird community in the Mazurian Lake Region [Northeastern Poland]

100%

Gryczynska A. , Barkowska M. , Siemiatkowski M.

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nr 1

EN

The abundance of birds and their tick parasites were estimated in a residential avian community located in the Mazurian Lake region (NE Poland). A total of 1624 passerine birds (representing 45 species) were captured, of which 25% were infested with at least one tick. All the ticks belonged to the species Ixodes ricinus. The highest tick infestation prevalence (>50%) were recorded for dunnock (Prunella modularis), tree pipit (Anthus trivialis), hawfinch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes) and blackbird (Turdus merula). Changes in tick infestation prevalence of passerine birds are seasonal. June and September were the two months in which tick infestation rates were the highest. The percentage of birds that were tick carriers was significantly greater in mixed coniferous forest than in alder swamp forest (respectively 32% and 20% of birds were infested with ticks).

6

Evaluation of the TOBEC method for calculating fat mass in Tree Sparrows Passer montanus and House Sparrows Passer domesticus

88%

Barkowska M. , Pinowska B. , Pinowski J. , Romanowski J. , Hahm K.-H.

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nr 2

135-145

7

The effect of egg size on hatching rate in the Tree Sparrow Passer montanus [study in Central Poland]

88%

Pinowska B. , Barkowska M. , Pinowski J. , Hahm K. H. , Lebedeva N.

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tom 37

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nr 1

8

The effects of urbanization small mammals communities in a gradient of human pressure in Warsaw city, Poland

75%

Gortat T. , Barkowska M. , Gryczyńska-Siemiątkowska A. , Pieniążek A. , Kozakiewicz A. , Kozakiewicz M.

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tom Vol. 62, nr 1

163--172

EN

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of human pressure and spatial structure of landscape on the occurrence of populations of small mammals in the environment of a large urban agglomeration. The investigations were carried out in Warsaw, Poland in 17 locations. The study sites were located on both sides of the Vistula River, of different landscape spatial structure, in various distances from the city center, and were subject to different degrees of human pressure. Part of the city located on the left bank of the Vistula River is more strongly transformed by man than the part located on the right bank of the river. A total of 933 specimens of 8 species of small mammals were caught using the live-trapping method (Catch-Mark-Release). The richest species composition was found at the city borders and in rural areas. On the left side of Vistula, the species diversity was lower than on the right side, showing significant negative correlation with the human pressure degree. Such pattern was not confirmed on the right side of the river. The only species to occur in all sites on the left side of Vistula was the striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius). On the right side of Vistula, the striped field mouse was accompanied by the yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) in all research sites. The results indicate that the degree of human pressure and spatial isolation are crucial for composition of small mammal community. Less advanced urbanization processes in areas on the right bank of Vistula, as compared to districts on the left side, provide better contact between local populations of small mammals, and offer better living conditions to a large number of species, even in areas located in the center of the city.

9

Heavy metals in nestlings of Passer spp. in urban and suburban environments

75%

Pinowski J. , Sawicka-Kapusta K. , Barkowska M. , Romanowski J. , Pinowska B. , Kaminski P.

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nr 2

73-82