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Mauzoleum rodowe Lubomirskich w Nowym Wiśniczu

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Szlezynger P. S.

1996

nr 2

149-158

The church o f Christ the Saviour in N ow y Wiśnicz was founded as a votive for the victory at Chocim (1621) and, at the same time, erected as a family mausoleum in the years 1 6 2 2 -1 6 3 9 by Stanisław Lubomirski. Unfortunately, together with the Carmelite monastery it was closed in 1783 by the Austrians and then, as a chapel, made part o f one o f the harshest prisons in Galicia and independent Poland. In 1 9 4 1 -1 9 4 4 , during the German occupation, the building was pulled down, leaving only the outer walls up to a height o f 8 -1 0 meters, the treasury, the sacristy, the chapel standing over it, and the crypts, together with the subterranean Holy Cross sepulchral chapel. After the war, the crypts were filled with earth and the few extant fragments o f the outfitting scattered. The church was not been included into the group o f Polish cross-copula churches-mausolea due to the absence o f a co pula and the fact that the ruins remained within the prison. The copula had not been built as a result o f monastic rules and, predominantly, because the monastery was surrounded by bastion fortifications within which it could have become a threat for the defenders. The mausoleum with a subterranean family crypt was situated at the crossing o f the naves. Here, in the underground part o f the chapel, similarly to family mausolea in the collegiate church in Żołkiew, the Bernardine churches in Rzeszow and Sierakow and the parish church in Kodeń, funeral rites were performed for the souls o f the departed members o f the family. The erection o f a mausoleum next to a church belonging to a contemplative order was to guarantee special religious care for the deceased, as in the case o f the most magnificent European mausoleum o f the Spanish Habsburgs in the Escorial or the mausolea in Rzeszow and Sierakow.

Nowy Wiśnicz, barokowa fara pw. Wniebowzięcia NMP i św. Jana Chrzciciela. Zarys problematyki

100%

Szlezynger P. S.

nr 2

93-113

In 1616 Stanisław Lubomirski founded the town Wiśnicz as a private town, a centre of vast latifundium in Cracow region. In 1620 he provided the funds to build a new stone-wall parish church which was consecrated in 1647. In the great fire of the town in 1863 the wooden buildings of the market square and the town hall were burnt down. The church, its belfry, rafter framing and parish archives also suffered from the fire. The presbytery of the church is semicircular, with adjacent vestibule, vestry and a small treasury. The nave is wider than the presbytery, rectangular and elongated of mannerist proportions with later addition on the east. Outside the nave there are buttresses in the form of giant volutes. Two-storey western elevation of the church is divided in its lower part into three fields of different widths by pilasters. In the middle field there is a portal with the coat-of-arms of Szreniawa in the pediment broken along the axis. The Palladian openings and conch niches are placed regularly. The upper storey, narrower, finished with a flattened arc is framed by a small volutes. Low pinnacles finish the part of the façade. The baroque forms in the façade are placed in a mannerist manner. The façade is divided by a huge mould separating the colossal pilasters from the gable divided in a different rhythm. The pilasters of the upper storey and towers are off the axes of the lower storey pilasters. The flat and linear architecture is supported by huge, almost bulging base. The barrel vault is emphasized by conspicuous entablature, and the interior is homogeneous in character. The elegant composition with few sculptural elements reminds one of the Carmelite church interior. In the façade the elegant forms are combined with sculpturally exaggerated ornamentations and the outline of framing is mannerist. Andrea Spezza, of Italian origin, probably architect of parish church in Wiśnicz, executed the baroque architecture in a very individual way but with strong mannerist impressions. The eastern frontage together with the parish church are a basic elements of the architectural complex of the former Carmelite monastery and castle, which dominate in the Wiśnicz skyline. Therefore its arrangement must be regulated, and the view of the parish church façade exposed. Translated by P.S. Szlezynger