To evaluate the role of aromatic amino-acids residues, four analogues of the μ-selec-tive opioid peptide agonist DALDA (H-Tyr-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2) containing the amphiphilic, α,α-disubstituted amino acid (R)- or (S)-α-hydroxymethyltyrosine (HmTyr) in position 1 and (R)- or (S)-α-hydroxymethylphenylalanine (HmPhe) in position 3 of the peptide sequence were synthesized. Only the [(R)-HmPhe3)]DALDA analogue displayed full agonistic activity in both the guinea pig ileum and the mouse vas deferens assays and turned out to be a δ receptor-selective opioid agonist.
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Dansylated analogues of the potent and selective μ opioid peptide agonist [Dmt1]DALDA (H-Dmt-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2; Dmt = 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine) were prepared either by substitution of Nβ-dansyl-α,β-diaminopropionic acid or Nε-dansyllysine for Lys4, or by attachment of a dansyl group to the C-terminal carboxamide function via a linker. All three analogues displayed high μ agonist potency in vitro and the C-terminally dansylated one retained significant μ receptor selectivity. The three analogues showed interesting differences in their fluorescence emission maxima and quantum yields, indicating that the dansyl group in two of them was engaged in intramolecular hydrophobic interactions. These dansylated [Dmt1]DALDA analogues represent valuable tools for binding studies, cellular uptake and intracellular distribution studies, and tissue distribution studies.
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A new pathway leading to a mixture of four isomers of 4-aminopyroglutamic acid is described. Michael type addition of Z-ΔAla-OMe to enolates prepared from acylaminomalonates, followed by hydrolysis and decarboxylation give protected 4-aminopyroglutamic acid with the 4-aminopyroglutamic acid with the cis:trans ratio approximately 3:2. This mixture was incorporated into Leu-enkephalin (position 2-3). After separation of peptides it appeared that all analogues were essentially inactive in guinea pig ileum and mouse vas deferens bioassays.
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