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5
Content available remote Ocena zgodności sprzętu oświetleniowego
63%
PL
Proces dostosowania polskiego rynku do wymagań Unii Europejskiej obejmuje również polskich producentów i dostawców sprzętu oświetleniowego. Konieczność oceny zgodności tego sprzętu wynika z wdrożonych do polskiego systemu prawnego dyrektyw " Nowego podejścia ', w tym dyrektywy LVD i EMC. Przyjęte regulacje określają wymagania zasadnicze dla sprzętu elektrycznego ( w tym oświetleniowego ) oraz warunki i tryb dokonywania oceny zgodności.
EN
The adjustment process of the Polish market to requirements of the UE also includes Polish manufacturers and suppliers lighting equipment. Necessity of conformity assessment for this equipment result from the directives "New Approach" inclusive the LVD and EMC directives implemented into the Polish legal system. The regulation adopted determined basic requirements for electrical equipment ( inclusive lighting equipment ) as well as conditions and the procedure of conformity assessment.
EN
Fructooligosaccharide additives to pig diets may enhance the proportion of short-chain organic acid in the distal digestive tract and the more efficient use of some nutrients by changing the structure and activity of intestinal villi. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of inulin or inulin-containing plant powder on volatile fatty acid levels in the cecal digesta and the final portion of the large intestine, as well as the assessment of changes in the intestine histology. The study involved 120 growers of 30.0 ± 0.5 kg body weight (BW) allocated into 5 treatment groups. The animals were fed ad libitum with complete diets for growers (30-70 kg) and finishers (71-115 kg). At slaughter, the content samples and specimens of the cecum and colon were taken for laboratory evaluation. More significant differences were reported for volatile fatty acid content in the cecum as compared to the distal colon. The dietary supplementation of inulin was found to increase the jejunal villus height (water-alcohol extraction) and thickness of muscularis externa (water extraction). The addition of inulin or dried plants containing inulin induced changes in short chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentration, mainly through propionic acid concentration.
EN
The research objective was to assess the influence of a dietary inulin supplement (the way of obtaining it and its level) on chosen lipid parameters in fattener blood plasma as well as on volatile fatty acid content in the cecum and colon. The experimental trial involved 140 growers, (PL × PLW) × Duroc crossbred pigs, with an initial body weight of 29.0 ± 0.5 kg, and assigning them into 7 diet groups. Group I was the control group; the others had diets supplemented with 1%, 2% and 3% inulin (water extract in group II-IV and water-alcohol extract in V-VII groups). Blood samples for examination were collected three times during the fattening period (at 40, 70 and 100 kg BW). Large bowel contents obtained at animal slaughter made it possible to determine the volatile fatty acid level and pH. The blood plasma was examined to establish the content of triacylglycerols, total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein fraction (HDL). Inclusion of the investigated prebiotic has affected the level of some volatile fatty acids in the bowel contents. The group with 3% water-alcohol inulin extract supplementation showed increased concentration of acetic, isobutyric and butyric acid (cecum) as well as acetic and butyric acid (colon). Throughout the whole fattening period, an increase was observed in (p ≤ 0.01) HDL cholesterol fraction in each diet group with inulin additive (II-VII), i.e. by 48, 49, 44, 47, 41 and 40%, respectively, as compared to the control (I). On the other hand a decrease (p ≤ 0.01) of triacylglycerols content was noted in group II and VII in comparison to the control group. All the fatteners fed mixtures containing inulin had a lower total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio in comparison to the control group (p ≤ 0.01). The key findings of the study have shown that an increased inulin level positively affected the chosen lipid parameters in fattener blood plasma as well as the production of short-chain fatty acids in the large intestine. However, no substantial influence of an inulin extraction method on the studied parameters was noted.
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tom 54
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nr 05
321-324
EN
The levels of luminol enhanced chemiluminescence in samples of udder secretion and blood taken from healthy cows as well as from cows with subclinical mastitis were examined. Luminometer 1251 and computer programme LKB Pharmacia were used to conduct the study. The spontaneous and zymosan inducted chemiluminescence was directly related with the somatic cell count in milk or PMNs count in blood. However, the capacity of single cells for to creating reactive oxygen metabolites in milk from healthy cows and in blood taken from cows with the subclinical form of mastitis was the highest. The coefficient (mV/10⁵ milk somatic cells or blood granulocytes) of both spontaneous and zymosan inducted chemiluminescence was the lowest in secretions taken from clinically inflamed udders.
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