Work in the University of Stefan Batory and stay in Vilnius were for W. Lutostawskik the only period in life that could spend on systematic scientific and didactic work in Polish academy. However, individuality and behaviour of the philosopher embroiled him with the members of the Board of Faculty of Arts in the University of Stefan Batory. The most serious conflict took place when Lutosławski made many attempts at fetching Mart Borowski to Vilnius. Although the doubts of the Board concerning candidate's moral principles were finally dispelled, and the clash between Lutosławski and Faculty was ved to the philosopher's advantage by a particular committee, the cause told upon his it work in Vilnius. In the article was also presented the inner history of appointing Tadeusz Czeżowski i professorship. What interesting, Czeżowski together with Lutosławski had in the begining the greatest influence on philosophy that was cultivated in the period of twenty years after World War I. Lutosławski's opinion on his own work in Vilnius was negative, but, in fact, it does not seem to be right. Undoubtedly, the view can be impaired by the personage of Benedykt Woyczyński, who wrote doctor's thesis under direction of Lutoławski and took octor's degree on Plato's philosophy. Lutosławski and the others set all their hopes on Woyczyński, who was able to set up in Vilnius a historical and philosophical research centre. Unfortunately, Woyczyński's sudden death of tuberculosis made it impossible. Lutosławski's pension also brought about many difficulties that were connected with ; missing year of work, and such circumstances made it impossible to get retiring full pays. The problem was finally solved to the philosopher's and his family advantage thanks to the friendly attitude of principals of the University of Stefan Batory. A flighty personality of Lutosławski made it impossible for him to work in the scientific and didactic field systematically in Vilnius. These years were full of disap-intments that were firmly connected with work in new and not too large national entific centre. A range of the problems was extensive and icluded: prosaic difficulties jubles with academic service, flats and a long way from country's centre); organizational problems (a lack of abundant library enabling effective scientific work); and mutual relations between people (clashes with students and frictions occuring within the faculties). However, one should fairly admit that Lutosławski's expectations in this field strayed from the reality. Moreover, in his estimation concerning the Vilna period, Lutosławski left out of account the personage of B. Woyczyński. Undoubtedly, it was unjus to the whole Vilna circle.
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When applying for a chair of philosophy at the Jagiellonian University in Cracow in 1891, Wincenty Lutosławski had already published a number of important articles as well as a doctoral dissertation, which he defended at Dorpat University. While working at the University of Kazan, Lutosławski had been engaged in several research sojourns abroad, including one in London. He had also made contact with another Polish specialist on Plato’s philosophy, Stanisław Pawlicki, who gave a positive referral on the publication of Lutoslawski’s work On Plato’s logic, part I by Akademia Umiejtno[ci (Academy of Science) in Cracow (1891); the subsequent conflict between the two scholars stemmed from differences in world-view and differences in scholarly views relating to methodology and interpretation. The application by Lutosławski, despite being supported by the dean of the Faculty of Philosophy, Maurycy Staszewski, the only philosopher sitting on the faculty council, was rejected, and the majority of faculty council opted for Pawlicki, a renowned professor of the Faculty of Theology. Lutosławski continued to pursue his scholarly career abroad, publishing in several European languages, until the publication in 1897 of his famous work on Plato (The Origin and Growth of Plato s Logic). Meanwhile Pawlicki, burdened both by his teaching responsibilities and the results of the research by Lutosławski, was not able to complete (before his death in 1916) his History of ancient philosophy, the intention of doing which he had declared in the first volume, published in 1890. While Lutosławski was prevented from working in Cracow, he became - thanks to his works - a historian of ancient philosophy whose world renown has persisted until the present day. Pawlicki obtained the Chair, but his works on the history of philosophy are rarely cited today.
The provisions of Polish private law do not contain any general regulation specifying a legal position of nasciturus. Such status quo of Polish legislation evokes debates, theoretical disputes and discre-pancies in judicature with regard to the legal position of nasciturus. Judicature more and more often goes beyond the provisions granting nasciturus legal capacity only in the indicated scope by applying extensive interpretation. The authors discussing judicature analyze the legal position of fetus in medical, inheritance, and insurance law, draw the conclusion that there is a strong need for introducing a general legal article which describes the legal protection of interests of fetus.
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W referacie przedstawiono porównanie kilku zintegrowanych systemów wentylacyjno-ogrzewczych w budynku pasywnym. W badaniach skupiono się przede wszystkim na optymalizacji sterowania temperaturą, na podstawie wyliczonych obciążeń pomieszczeniowych. Przedstawione w referacie wyniki dotyczą zmian konfiguracji w samych układach technologicznych (centrala wentylacyjna wraz z systemem wentylacji), jak również w układach pomiarowo-regulacyjnych z różnymi algorytmami sterowania.
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We present the comparison of some integrated systems of indoor climate control in the so-called passive building. We focus mainly on the optimization of temperature control on the basis of the calculated load. The presented results apply to configuration changes in the technological systems (air handling unit and ventilation system), together with changes in control systems (basic and multi-zone control) and control algorithms.
The paper presents an analysis of the possibilities of using biogas in energy management of the cities and communities, including the purification of biogas excess to balance the unevenness in demand and supply side of biogas market (operating agricultural biogas plant). The case study describes the four technical acceptable scenarios of using agricultural biogas: variant I – combined heat and power production, variant II – supply of the local heat source, variant III – supply of the local heat source and the use of treated biogas (biomethane) in the local urban transport and variant IV – combined heat and power production and injection of conditioned biogas (biomethane) into the gas distribution grid. The identified variants were evaluated using the analytic hierarchy process multicriteria decision aid method in which the main evaluation criteria were technical, economic, social and environmental, as well as risk criterion. The results of the analysis indicate the possibility of rational use of excess biogas production by: treatment and use of liquefied biomethane for energy production or transport, or combined heat and power production, or use of biomethane injected into the distribution gas network, which can be the basis for the implementation of smart city and community strategy.
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