Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

How Do People Resolve Conflict Between Implicit and Explicit Attitudes?

100%

Maliszewski N.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2011

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tom 42

|

nr 1

36-45

EN

How do implicit attitudes influence behavior when they are in conflict with explicit attitudes? In Study 1, smokers’ negative implicit attitudes and positive explicit attitudes towards smoking were activated. Then emotions were measured. The stronger the negative implicit attitudes that the smokers held, the stronger the conflict experienced. Study 2 showed that cognitive capacity allows for this conflict, as positive explicit and negative implicit attitudes may be applied simultaneously. The stronger the negative implicit attitudes the smokers held, the stronger the conflict experienced. Smokers resolved the conflict through the inhibition of implicit attitudes (by smoking cigarettes). Without cognitive capacity, only implicit attitudes were applied, and thus no conflict was aroused. Study 3 confirmed that smoking cigarettes inhibited negative implicit attitudes.

2

How Do People Resolve Conflict Between Implicit and Explicit Attitudes?

100%

Maliszewski N.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

|

2011

|

tom 42

|

nr 1

36-45

EN

How do implicit attitudes influence behavior when they are in conflict with explicit attitudes? In Study 1, smokers’ negative implicit attitudes and positive explicit attitudes towards smoking were activated. Then emotions were measured. The stronger the negative implicit attitudes that the smokers held, the stronger the conflict experienced. Study 2 showed that cognitive capacity allows for this conflict, as positive explicit and negative implicit attitudes may be applied simultaneously. The stronger the negative implicit attitudes the smokers held, the stronger the conflict experienced. Smokers resolved the conflict through the inhibition of implicit attitudes (by smoking cigarettes). Without cognitive capacity, only implicit attitudes were applied, and thus no conflict was aroused. Study 3 confirmed that smoking cigarettes inhibited negative implicit attitudes.

3

The impact of explicit and implicit power motivation on educational choices

51%

Maliszewski N. , Kuźmińska A. O. , Wieczorkowska-Wierzbińska G. , Werner-Maliszewska A.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

|

2014

|

tom 45

|

nr 3

275-285

EN

The aim of three studies was to examine the differences between business majors and non-business majors, in their level of implicit (measured by an Implicit Association Test [IAT], Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwarz, 1998) and explicit power motivation (measured by Power Motivation and Helping Power Motivation scales, Frieze & Boneva, 2001).It was predicted that there are no differences between these two groups in the general (implicit) level of power motivation, but that differences exist in the way it is explicitly expressed: through desire for leadership and prominence vs. desire for helping. Results of Study 1 indicated that business majors (management, N=79) declared a higher leadership motive and a lower helping motive than non-business majors (history, psychology, linguistics, N=62).Study 2 addressed question whether the above differences in power motivation stem from socialization at the university level or from pre-selection. The relationship between high school students’ (N=134) academic major preferences and their power motivation was tested. It was found that the more they were business-oriented, the higher their scores were on leadership, and lower on helping scales. In Study 3, business majors (economics, N=75) and non-business majors (psychology, N=82) completed the same questionnaire as participants in previous studies, as well as performed the IAT. Non-business majors declared stronger explicit helping motive, while business majors expressed stronger prominence and leadership motives. Furthermore, for non-business majors, IAT results could be predicted by their helping score. Implications and possible limitations of the presented results are discussed.

4

Jawna vs utajona potrzeba władzy

51%

Maliszewski N. , Jankowska K. , Suszek H.

Problemy Zarządzania

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2014

|

nr 1/2014 (45)

EN

The aim of the study was to examine implicit and explicit power motive in students as a function of their gender and major (psychology versus economics). It was expected that although men would explicitly declare stronger power motive than women, on the implicit level, there would be no gender difference. Similarly, it was expected that economy majors would declare stronger power motive than psychology majors but this difference would not be observed on the implicit measure. Forty psychology and forty economics majors, with an equal number of men and women in each group, participated in the proper study. They were asked to fill in the questionnaire measuring 3 dimensions of explicit power motivation: leadership, visibility and helping. They also completed an Implicit Association Test (IAT) measuring implicite power motivation. Psychology majors declared stronger power motive expressed through helping behaviors than economics majors. For psychology majors those helping behaviors were related to power motive at the implicit level. On the other hand, economy majors more often than psychology ones declared that they satisfy their power motivation by typical power attributes – influencing others and visibility.

PL

Celem projektu było zbadanie jawnej i utajonej potrzeby władzy kobiet i mężczyzn różniących się kierunkiem wykształcenia (psychologiczne vs ekonomiczne). Przewidywano, że choć mężczyźni (a także osoby wybierające studia ekonomiczne) będą jawnie deklarować silniejszą potrzebę władzy, to na poziomie utajonym nie będą istotnie różnić się od kobiet (psychologów) wielkością tej potrzeby. 40 studentów ekonomii i 40 studentów psychologii, dobranych w równych proporcjach pod względem płci, wypełniało kwestionariusz do pomiaru trzech wymiarów jawnej potrzeby władzy: przywództwa (leadership), rozgłosu (visibilty) oraz pomagania (helping). Test Utajonych Skojarzeń był wskaźnikiem utajonej potrzeby władzy. Studenci psychologii deklarowali silniejszą niż ekonomiści jawną potrzebę władzy wyrażaną poprzez zachowania pomocowe (helping) i z tym wymiarem była związana ich utajona potrzeba. Z kolei studenci ekonomii częściej niż psycholodzy deklarowali, iż potrzebę władzy zaspokajają poprzez posiadanie wpływu i rozgłos.

5

The impact of explicit and implicit power motivation on educational choices

51%

Maliszewski N. , Kuźmińska A. O. , Wieczorkowska-Wierzbińska G. , Werner-Maliszewska A.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

|

2014

|

tom 45

|

nr 3

275-285

EN

The aim of three studies was to examine the differences between business majors and non-business majors, in their level of implicit (measured by an Implicit Association Test [IAT], Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwarz, 1998) and explicit power motivation (measured by Power Motivation and Helping Power Motivation scales, Frieze & Boneva, 2001).It was predicted that there are no differences between these two groups in the general (implicit) level of power motivation, but that differences exist in the way it is explicitly expressed: through desire for leadership and prominence vs. desire for helping. Results of Study 1 indicated that business majors (management, N=79) declared a higher leadership motive and a lower helping motive than non-business majors (history, psychology, linguistics, N=62).Study 2 addressed question whether the above differences in power motivation stem from socialization at the university level or from pre-selection. The relationship between high school students’ (N=134) academic major preferences and their power motivation was tested. It was found that the more they were business-oriented, the higher their scores were on leadership, and lower on helping scales. In Study 3, business majors (economics, N=75) and non-business majors (psychology, N=82) completed the same questionnaire as participants in previous studies, as well as performed the IAT. Non-business majors declared stronger explicit helping motive, while business majors expressed stronger prominence and leadership motives. Furthermore, for non-business majors, IAT results could be predicted by their helping score. Implications and possible limitations of the presented results are discussed.