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Historia Oddziału Świętokrzyskiego Polskiego Towarzystwa Geologicznego

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Fijałkowska-Mader A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2022

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tom Vol. 70, nr 4

303--306

EN

The Holy Cross Branch of the Polish Geological Society was established in 1963. Its first chairman was Czesław Żak. Among the presidents, who performed this function for several terms, the following should be mentioned: Henryk Jurkiewicz, Halina Żakowa, Jerzy Gągol and Anna Mader. The largest number, 120 members, was in 1981. Currently, it has 24 members. The activities of the Branch included organizing scientific meetings with papers on various topics, field conferences, both domestic and foreign, as well as scientific conferences and sessions and conventions of the Polish Geological Society in the Holy Cross Mountains.

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Zastosowanie wskaźnika TAI (thermal alteration index) i analizy palinofacjalnej do określenia stopnia dojrzałości termicznej materii organicznej w utworach górnego permu i triasu w północnej części niecki nidziańskiej (Polska centralna)

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Fijałkowska-Mader A.

Nafta-Gaz

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2020

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tom R. 76, nr 8

495--500

PL

Określanie dojrzałości termicznej palinomorf na podstawie ich barwy jest metodą powszechnie stosowaną w prospekcji węglowodorów. Kolor zewnętrznej błony miospor zmienia się na skutek podgrzania od bladożółtego po czarny w zależności od paleotemperatury. Obecnie funkcjonuje wiele skal barw palinomorf skorelowanych z wartościami refleksyjności witrynitu, maksymalną temperaturą pogrzebania i stadiami generacji węglowodorów. Ze względu na zróżnicowany zarówno pod względem taksonomicznym, jak i morfologicznym materiał autorka posłużyła się skalą TAI AMOCO. Przeanalizowano ponadto udział poszczególnych grup kerogenu w palinofacjach pod kątem ich węglowodorowego potencjału. Badaniami objęto osady górnego permu i triasu z 11 otworów wiertniczych zlokalizowanych w północnej części niecki nidziańskiej. Wykazały one, że w próbkach triasowych oraz w próbkach górnego permu z otworu Milianów IG 1 dominuje jasnożółty do pomarańczowego kolor spor i ziaren pyłku, odpowiadający indeksowi TAI od 1 do 4, czyli stadium przed generacją ropy naftowej i stadium wczesnej generacji ropy naftowej. Jedynie w próbach górnego permu z otworu Pągów IG 1 dominuje brązowy kolor miospor, który odpowiada indeksowi TAI od 4+ do 5, czyli głównemu stadium generacji ropy naftowej. Dominująca wartość refleksyjność witrynitu Ro wynosi 0,4–0,6%, a zatem stopień dojrzałości materii organicznej w utworach górnego permu i triasu jest niezbyt wysoki, co świadczy o stosunkowo niskich temperaturach diagenezy osadu (< 80°C). Z analizy palinofacji wynika, że w utworach górnego permu i triasu występuje kerogen mieszany i strukturalny. Kerogen mieszany, stwierdzony w skałach węglanowych, zawiera amorficzny kerogen drobnorozproszony i „fluffy” pochodzenia glonowego oraz kerogen strukturalny, pochodzenia terygenicznego, głównie egzynit i witrynit. Kerogen mieszany charakteryzuje się potencjałem ropnym (kerogen ropotwórczy), natomiast kerogen strukturalny – potencjałem ropno-gazowym.

EN

Determining the thermal maturity of palynomorph based on their color is a method commonly used in hydrocarbon prospecting. The color of the outer membrane of miospores (exine) changes as a result of heating from pale yellow to black depending on the paleotemperature. Currently, there are many palynomorph color scales correlated with the value of vitrinite reflectance, temperature of burial and hydrocarbon generation stages. Due to the varied material, both in taxonomic and morphological terms, the author used the TAI AMOCO scale. Furthermore, the share of individual kerogen groups in palynofacies was analyzed in terms of their hydrocarbon potential. The Upper Permian and Triassic deposits from eleven boreholes located in the north part of the Nida Basin were investigated. They showed that the Triassic and in the Upper Permian samples from the Milianów IG 1 borehole, are dominated by the pale yellow to orange color of spores and pollen grains, corresponding to a TAI index from 1 to 4, i.e. the pre-generation, dry gas and the early oil generation windows. In turn, only the samples of the Upper Permian from the Pągów IG 1 borehole are dominated by the brown color of miospores, which corresponds to a TAI index from 4+ to 5, i.e. the peak oil prone. Dominant vitrinite reflectance Ro varies from 0,4% to 0,6%, so the degree of organic matter maturity in the Upper Permian and Triassic deposits is not very high, which indicates relatively low temperatures of sediment diagenesis (< 80°C). Analysis of palynofacies showed that the Upper Permian and Triassic deposits contain mixed and structural kerogen. Mixed kerogen, occurring in carbonate rocks, contains amorphous fine-scattered kerogen and “fluffy” of algae origin, as well as structural kerogen of terrigeneous origin, mainly exinite and vitrinite. Mixed kerogen is characterized by oil potential, whereas structural kerogen – by gas-oil potential.

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Kamień w architekturze Pałacu Biskupów Krakowskich w Kielcach – próba identyfikacji

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Król P. , Fijałkowska-Mader A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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tom Vol. 71, nr 1

19--35

EN

The authors were the first to attempt to identify the stones used in the architectural elements of the baroque Palace of the Kraków Bishops (built in 1637–1641) in Kielce. The founder of the residence was Bishop Jakub Zadzik of the Korab coat of arms. Despite the vicissitudes of fate, the residence defended itself against major transformations, retaining the original shape and as the decoration of the loggia, and is one of the most beautiful monuments from the Vasa era in Poland. However, the turbulent history of the palace, and especially numerous reconstructions, renovations, transfers of architectural elements as well as modifications and functional changes, caused difficulties in reconstructing the original interior design of the rooms, and especially in determining the periods from which the individual stone elements come. The stone decoration of the original palace was limited to the facade with loggias and figures of Swedish and Moscow envoys, a two-flight staircase and single portals inside the building, as well as the floor and fireplaces in the bishop’s rooms. The floor in the lower hallway and the lower diner room on the ground floor were probably also made of stone. Almost exclusively local stone was used: the so-called Kielce marbles (mainly Bolechowice limestone, “Zygmuntówka” conglomerate and Zelejowa rosa-like calcite) and various types of Lower Triassic sandstones from the Świętokrzyskie deposits. Few elements were made of black Dębnik limestone. Noteworthy is the Sanctuary of Marshal Józef Piłsudski, who was stationed in the palace, together with the legionary staff, in 1914. The interior of the main hall of the sanctuary is made of various types of Kielce marbles, mainly Bolechowice limestone, with elements of white Carrara marble. While the identification of carbonate rocks did not pose any major difficulties, assigning sandstone elements to a specific deposit turned out to be impossible in many cases, e.g. due to lack of comparative material.

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Historia czarnowskich kamieniołomów w Kielcach

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Król P. , Fijałkowska-Mader A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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tom Vol. 71, nr 11

587--600

EN

The article describes the history of exploitation of limestone quarries in the former village of Czarnów, now a district of Kielce, spanning a period from the 1920s to the 1970s. There were four large and small quarries in this area, where stone was mined for the needs of local residents. Two of them have been developed and are now recreational areas, the rest have been liquidated or significantly transformed.

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Piaskowce dolnego dewonu na górze Barczy (Góry Świętokrzyskie) i historia ich eksploatacji

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Król P. , Fijałkowska-Mader A. , Kozak B. , Giełżecka-Mądry D.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2021

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tom Vol. 69, nr 2

81--90

EN

The beginning of exploitation of the Lower Devonian sandstones on Barcza Hill, located in the Klonów Range in the central part of the Holy Cross Mountains, dates back to the first decade of the last century. Sandstones of the lower Emsian Barcza Beds, known in older literature as “placoderm sandstones” were mined here. By the time of World War II, there were seven mines that produced mainly paving stones and crushed stone. Three of them resumed work after the war: “Kopalnia Nowa”, “Byk” and “Przy Pomniku”. Unfavourable deposit conditions and competition of the neighbouring mining plants "Bukowa Góra” and "Wiśniówka” led to the abandonment of mining on Barcza Hill in the late 1950s. In 1984, the “Barcza” nature reserve was created, which included the two largest quarries: "Kopalnia Nowa”and "Byk”.

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Walory geoedukacyjne i geoturystyczne kamieniołomu Zygmuntówka na Czerwonej Górze (Góry Świętokrzyskie)

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Jewuła K. , Fijałkowska-Mader A. , Salwa S.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2022

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tom Vol. 70, nr 1

25--33

EN

The geosite Zygmuntówka (Sigismund ) quarry, located at Czerwona Góra near Chęciny in SW part of the Holy Cross Mountains, is the oldest and the most famous among the so-called Chęciny „marble” quarries which provided stones for constructing numerous important buildings in the region and beyond. Upper Permian conglomerates (Czerwona Góra Formation), with a thickness of several tens of metres, outcrop in this area. The conglomerates are clast- and locally mud-supported and consist of light grey and beige carbonate pebbles and cobbles chaotically distributed within the reddish-brown silty-carbonate-ferriferous matrix. The conglomerates represent continental alluvial fan deposits deposited under arid and semiarid climate conditions. The quarry, of a regional rank, is well suited for both geoeducation and geotourism purposes.

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Zarys historii górnictwa skalnego w rejonie Sitkówki (Góry Świętokrzyskie) w I połowie XX w.

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Król P. , Pabian G. , Fijałkowska-Mader A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2019

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tom Vol. 67, nr 9

758--766

EN

Rock quarrying in the vicinity of the Sitkówka (Sitkówka-Nowiny commune, Kielce county), which started at the beginning of the 20th century, has not yet been given a historical context. The authors based on archival sources, present the history of the development of six quarrying and processing plants involved in the extraction of rock raw materials in the first half of the XXth: Sitkówka, Jaźwica Mala, Sitkowieckie Nowiny, Belkowa, Kostrzewa and Stara Trzuskawica. The principal rochi extracted in these quarries were Middle Devonian-Givetian dolomites and stromatoporo- id-coral limestones of the Kowala Formation (Lower Sitkówka Beds). They were used mainly for the production of crushed stone, grits and lime, and less frequently of technical marbles. The modern, intensive activity of numerous industrial plants causes constant transformation of the Sitkówka area thus obscuring traces of the former quarrying activity and production infrastructure. That is why documentation of the remains of this exploitation is so important.

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Integrated palynostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy of the Middle and Upper Buntsandstein in NE Poland : an approach to correlating Lower Triassic regional isochronous horizons

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Becker A. , Fijałkowska-Mader A. , Nawrocki J. , Sobień K.

Geological Quarterly

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2020

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tom Vol. 64, No. 2

460--479

EN

Despite years of research, Lower Triassic deposits of the epicontinental Central European Basin still lack a detailed stratigraphy that would allow regional correlation of isochronous horizons. The best chronostratigraphic results have up to now been achieved by microspore-based biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy. Integrated palynostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic investigations, carried out on Buntsandstein cores from northeastern Poland representing the eastern margin of the basin, have made precise correlations with the better-explored basin centre. The Lidzbark and Malbork formations of the Bartoszyce IG 1 borehole were examined by means of palynology and palaeomagnetic studies. Further palaeomagnetic studies were applied to the Lidzbark, Malbork and Elbląg formations of the Nidzica IG 1 borehole and the Elbląg Fm. of the Pasłęk IG 1. Two spore-poll en assemblages were distinguished representing the Densoisporites nejburgii Subzone of the D. nejburgii Zone within the lower part of the Lidzbark Fm. and the lowermost part of the Malbork Fm. Mostly reversed polarity was detected within the lower part of the succession investigated, whereas normal polarity prevailed within its upper part. A normal polarity local zone was correlated with the undivided Tbn6-Tbn7 standard magnetozones of western Poland. The reversely polarized part of the succession corresponds most probably to the Tbr5 standard magnetozone. The base of the Tbn6-Tbn7 magnetozone can serve as a good correlation horizon for regional reconstructions.

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Działalność Oddziału Świętokrzyskiego PIG-PIB w zakresie geologii środowiskowej, ochrony przyrody nieożywionej oraz edukacji geologicznej

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Giełżecka-Mądry D. , Fijałkowska-Mader A. , Szczepanik Z.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2021

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tom Vol. 69, nr 4

250--258

EN

The Holy Cross Mts. and their vicinities is a unique area on the geological map of Europe since rocks of all Phanerozoic systems, including the Cambrian to Quaternary, are exposed there. The variable rock types provide great cognitive and educational opportunities, but also stimulate the exploitation of various types of minerals. On the one hand, mining activities contributed to the recognition and better exposure of rocks, but on the other hand, they often threaten the natural environment and become burdensome for the inhabitants. The study of the balance between environmental protection and human mining activity is carried out by environmental geology, which is an important part of the activity in the Holy Cross Mts. Branch of the Polish Geological Institute (PGI), where various tasks in this field have been carried out for over half a century. The care for protection and promotion of the geological heritage of the Holy Cross Mts has been an important task of geologists working in the Kielce Branch of the PGI throughout its over 80-year history. It is manifested in the legal protection of the most interesting geological areas and geosites, and the promotion of geological knowledge in wide public opinion. The geological education in the Holy Cross Mts. plays a special role because the inanimate nature is a very valuable element of natural environment that distinguishes the Kielce region from other regions of Poland.

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Lost Norian fluvial tracks : Sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Upper Triassic coarse-grained deposits in Kamienica Śląska (Upper Silesia, southern Poland)

51%

Fijałkowska-Mader A. , Paszkowski M. , Kędzior A. , Jewuła K.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2022

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tom Vol. 92, No. 3

277--293

EN

In the Triassic-Jurassic boundary profiles of the Upper Silesian region, there are locally developed coarse clastic deposits, commonly known as the Połomia Gravels, Połomia Beds or “Połomia Formation’’ (informal name). Due to the lack of reliable stratigraphic tools, the chronostratigraphic position of these deposits remains one of the most controversial aspects of the Triassic-Jurassic lithostratigraphy in the region. Sparse biostratigraphic data from the overlying and underlying deposits indicate a wide range of ages, from the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic. This paper presents the results of sedimentological, petrographical and palynological analyses of the coarse-grained deposits from the Kamienica Śląska gravel pit, which is currently one of the biggest facilities of this type in Upper Silesia. The outcrop section, with a total thickness of up to 20 m, is dominated by friable, light grey to beige and locally dark grey, large-scale planar to trough cross-stratified conglomerates and coarse-grained sandstones with subordinate thin interbeds of grey and reddish brown mudstones. Three facies associations have been distinguished, representing a main channel belt, secondary channels and floodplains subenvironments. Facies analysis points to a braided river tract with localised floodplain sediments. The grain composition of the Kamienica Śląska gravel/conglomerate is less diversified than that of the polymictic typical Połomia Beds of the Myszków area and resembles oligomictic conglomerates known from the Grabowa Formation of the Norian age and/or conglomerates of the Gorzów Beds of Rhaetian age, which also occur on the studied region. Palynological analysis of mudstone interbeds within the conglomeratic deposits shows the presence of miospores guiding and characteristic for subzone c of the Corollina meyeriana zone of the late Norian-early Rhaetian age. The appearance of the coarse-grained deposits in late Norian could be associated with the development of a long-reach braided fluvial tract, draining the S and SE part of the Sudetian-Malopolska-Lublin land (S-M-L land) in response to the tectonic rearrangement in the source area and gradual climatic change from semi-arid to humid in the Rhaetian.

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Historia eksploatacji surowców skalnych w dolinie Świśliny (Góry Świętokrzyskie)

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Fijałkowska-Mader A. , Stoiński A. , Tyczyński Z. , Gawron P. , Kozak B. , Król P. , Trela W.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2022

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tom Vol. 70, nr 2

100--114

EN

The beginning of exploitation of Lower Triassic (Röt, Olenekian) sandstones in Doły Biskupie dates back to the 17th century. The village is situated 12 km west of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, in the Świślina Valley, in the north-eastern part of the Holy Cross Mountains. In addition to sandstones, a wide spectrum of other rocks types were excavated in the adjacent areas: Lower Devonian (Emsian) sandstones in Godów, Middle Devonian (Efelian) dolomites in the Doły Opacie quarry and Lower Triassic (Middle Buntsandstein, Olenekian) sandstonesin Wióry. The last quarry at Doły Opacie was closed in 1984. The Doły Opacie and Doły Biskupie quarries currently provide a number of inanimate nature monuments.