Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Potential invalidity of the decision of a public administrative body as a result of the conviction of a person performing a function

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Szulc P.

Studia Prawa Publicznego

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2019

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nr 3(27)

159-168

PL

The article presents the reflections on the potential invalidity of an administrative decision of a public administrative body as a result of the conviction of a person performing a function for an offence under Polish law. Firstly, the author analyses the legal situation of a person convicted for an offence under the Election Code (Kodeks wyborczy), the Act on Self-Government Employees (Ustawa o pracownikach samorządowych) and the Labour Code (Kodeks pracy). He examines in detail the discrepancies between the three legislative acts which may influence the legal position of a convicted person. The conclusion is that a person with the final and valid judgment for intentional offence prosecuted by public indictment to a fine or to penalty of imprisonment retains a passive electoral right in the elections for the mayor, however it seems that under the Act on Self-Government Employees it will not be possible to establish an employment relationship with such a person to work in the capacity of a self-government employee based on election. Secondly, the author analyses the potential invalidity of administrative decisions issued by a person convicted for an offence. The two conditions that could be taken into account as grounds for declaring the invalidity of an administrative decision in the context of the conviction are: a lack of jurisdiction of the authority as a condition of declaring the invalidity of a decision and a gross breach of law as a condition of declaring invalidity of a decision. The analysis of the selected conditions leads to a conclusion that there are no grounds for declaring the invalidity of a decision, as the regulations on jurisdiction will not be breached and the decision will not be issued in gross breach of law. Therefore, even if one were to consider that under the Act on Self-Government Employees a given person cannot be a self-government employee, it seems that this does not prevent the issuance of administrative decisions.

2

Critical comments to the bill on protection of the rights of purchasers of residential premises or single-family houses and on the Developer Guarantee Fund

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Szulc P.

Studia Prawa Publicznego

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2021

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nr 2 (34)

145-154

EN

The article presents reflections on the bill on the protection of the rights of a purchaser of residential premises or a single-family house and on the Developer Guarantee Fund, Parliamentary printed matter no. 985. According to the bill drafter, the proposed changes are a response to “bankruptcies of property developer businesses and related financial losses of those who have purchased residential premises or houses through these businesses”. A number of provisions of the Act, the structure of which remains unclear, give rise to numerous interpretation disputes and significantly undermine the certainty of legal dealings. Firstly, there is no regulation regarding the supervision of the developer guarantee fund and its legal status. The regulation regarding the developer guarantee fund is scarce compared to that of the Bank Guarantee Fund, thus leaving significant room for abuse. Secondly, the bill is significantly defective in its lacking any method for calculating the contribution depending on the level of risk of a given developer going bankrupt. All entities are to be subject to the same contribution.

3

Peter N. Salib, The Law of Banksy: Who Owns Street Art?, „University of Chicago Law Review” 2016, vol. 83, no. 4 (by Piotr Szulc)

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Szulc P.

Studia Prawa Publicznego

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2020

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nr 2 (30)

213-214

PL

Peter N. Salib, The Law of Banksy: Who Owns Street Art? (Prawo Banksy’ego: Kto jest właścicielem street artu?), „University of Chicago Law Review” 2016, vol. 83, no. 4 (opr. Piotr Szulc)

EN

Peter N. Salib, The Law of Banksy: Who Owns Street Art?, „University of Chicago Law Review” 2016, vol. 83, no. 4 (by Piotr Szulc)

4

Geraint Ellis, Discourses of Objection: Towards an Understanding of Third-party Rights in Planning, “Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space” 2004, vol. 36 (by Piotr Szulc)

100%

Szulc P.

Studia Prawa Publicznego

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2020

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nr 2 (30)

214-215

PL

Geraint Ellis, Discourses of Objection: Towards an Understanding of Third-party Rights in Planning (W kierunku zrozumienia uprawnień podmiotów trzecich w planowaniu przestrzennym), „Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space” 2004, vol. 36 (opr. Piotr Szulc)

EN

Geraint Ellis, Discourses of Objection: Towards an Understanding of Third-party Rights in Planning, “Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space” 2004, vol. 36 (by Piotr Szulc)

5

Best Practices in Real Estate Cross-border Transactions

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Szulc P.

Studia Prawa Publicznego

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2020

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nr 1(29)

153-161

PL

The article presents reflections on the best practices in real estate cross border transactions.Transactions on real estate markets have several aspects that make them highly complex, mostly due to their individual nature – each property is unique in terms of its location, structure and history. Cross-border transactions on the real estate market are becoming increasingly popular as the world becomes more globalized. The growing volume of this type of transaction presents a challenge for the modern real estate lawyer. It is impossible to create an exhaustive guide setting out all the hazards occurring in such transactions. This article addresses this difficult challenge by indicating the most important of them.It is essential and extremely helpful to enter into cooperation with a local counsel who will help us to explain the local specificity and who will take the legal differences into account. In addition, other helpful tools, such as a legal due diligence report or a title insurance Policy, should be carefully considered. One cannot forget about the importance of the local culture and customs, which may prove decisive at the crucial moment of the transaction. Finally, to be effective in working with cross-border clients, lawyers must have a good understanding of how people think and make decisions, and must possess good people skills. Respect for local customs and traditions, as well as understanding the local legal system while securing clients’ interests, is the key to a successful transaction.

6

Localization of genes

100%

Szulc P.

Mathematica Applicanda

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2015

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tom 43

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nr 1

PL

Rozwój genetyki w ostatnich latach doprowadził do sytuacji, w której jesteśmy w stanie przyjrzeć się łańcuchom DNA z dużą precyzją i zebrać ogromne ilości informacji. Oprócz tego okazało się, że zależności między genami a cechami są bardziej skomplikowane niż się wcześniej wydawało. Te dwie rzeczy spowodowały, że niezbędna stała się ścisła współpraca między genetykami a matematykami, których zadaniem jest opracowanie specjalnych metod, radzących sobie w specyficznych i trudnych problemach genetycznych. Artykuł zawiera przegląd zarówno klasycznych jak i najnowszych podejść do problemu lokalizacji genów, czyli wskazywania miejsc w łańcuchu DNA, które istotnie wpływają na interesujące nas cechy. Z powodu nie najlepszej komunikacji między matematykami i genetykami, znajomość metody innych niż klasyczne wśród tej drugiej grupy jest wciąż niewielka.

EN

Development of genetics in recent years has led to a situation in which we are able to look at the DNA chains with high precision and collect vast amounts of information. In addition, it turned out that the relationships between genes and traits are more complex than previously thought. These two things caused the need for close collaboration between geneticists and mathematicians whose task is to develop special methods, coping with specific and difficult genetic problems. The article includes an overview of both classic and the latest approaches to the problem of localizing genes that indicate places in the DNA chain, which significantly influence the traits of interest to us. Because of not the best communication between mathematicians and geneticists, knowledge of methods other than the classic among the latter group is still small.

7

The Legal Definition of Railway Areas in Poland. The Limitations of Investment and Conducting Business Activity on the Railway Areas

100%

Szulc P.

Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review

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2018

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tom 8

EN

The paper analyses the legal definition of railway areas in Poland based on the Railway Transport Act. The author tries to find an answer to the question of what the legal status of railway areas in the Polish legal system is, with emphasis on the classification of railway areas to the wider group of special areas. Moreover, the paper describes the restrictions on investments on railway areas which are presented based on the previous judicature of the Polish administrative courts. Then other detailed obligations resulting from the special legal regime in this area are explained.

8

Localizing influential genes with modified versions of Bayesian Information Criterion

63%

Bogdan M. , Szulc P.

Mathematica Applicanda

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2012

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tom 40

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nr 1

PL

W ostatnich latach nastąpił bardzo szybki rozwój technologii wspomagających badania w genetyce. Rezultatem tego postępu są olbrzymie zbiory danych. Skuteczne pozyskiwanie informacji z takich zbiorów wymaga scisłej współpracy między genetykami, informatykami oraz statystykami. Rolą statystyków jest okreslenie precyzyjnych kryteriów gwarantujących efektywne oddzielenie istotnej informacji od losowych zakłócen. W szczególnosci, duze rozmiary tych zbiorów wymagają opracowania nowych metod korekty na wielokrotne testowanie oraz nowych kryteriów wyboru istotnych zmiennych objasniających. Szczególnym przykładem identyfikacji zmiennych objasniających jest problem lokalizacji genów odpowiedzialnych za cechy ilosciowe (Quantitative Trait Loci, QTL).Do lokalizacji genów stosuje się tzw. markery molekularne. Są to fragmenty łancucha DNA, które mogą występowac w róznych wariantach (allelach) u róznych jednostek w populacji. Postac danego markera u badanego osobnika mozna ustalic eksperymentalnie.U organizmów diploidalnych, u których chromosomy występują w parach, genotyp danego markera jest wyspecyfikowany przez podanie alleli występujących na obu chromosomach. Z punktu widzenia statystyka genotypy markerów stanowią jakosciowe zmienne objasniające. Jezeli dany marker znajduje się blisko genu wpływającego na badaną cechę, to mozemy spodziewac się statystycznej zaleznosci między genotypem w tym markerze a badaną cechą ilosciową.Do identyfikacji istotnych markerów genetycznych zwykle stosuje się model regresji wielorakiej. Liczbę zmiennych niezaleznych mozna w tej sytuacji szacowac za pomocą jednego z wielu kryteriów wyboru modelu. Niestety, okazuje się, ze w kontekscie genetycznym, gdzie liczba markerów istotnie przewyzsza liczbę obserwacji, klasyczne kryteria wyboru modelu przeszacowują liczbę istotnych zmiennych.Aby rozwiązac ten problem ostatnio wprowadzono kilka nowych modyfikacji Bayesowskiego Kryterium Informacyjnego. W tym artykule zaprezentujemy trzy z tych modyfikacji, podamy wyniki dotyczące zgodnosci tych metod w sytuacji gdy liczba dostępnych markerów genetycznych rosnie wraz z rozmiarem próby oraz wyniki symulacji komputerowych ilustrujących działanie tych metod w kontekscie genetycznym.

EN

Regions of the genome that influence quantitative traits are called quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and can be located using statistical methods. For this aim scientists use genetic markers, whose genotypes are known, and look for the associations between these genotypes and trait values. The common method which can be used in this problem is a linear regression. There are many model selection criteria for the choice of predictors in a linear regression. However, in the context of QTL mapping, where the number of available markers $p_n$ is usually bigger than the sample size $n$, the classical criteria overestimate the number of regressors. To solve this problem several modifications of the {\it Bayesian Information Criterion} have been proposed and it has been recently proved that at least three of them, EBIC, mBIC and mBIC2, are consistent (also in case when $p_n>n$). In this article we discuss these criteria and their asymptotic properties and compare them by an extensive simulation study in the genetic context.

9

The comparison of three models applied to the analysis of a three-factor trial on hybrid maize (Zea maysL.) cultivars

45%

Szulc P. , Mejza I. , Ambroży-Deręgowska K. , Nowosad K. , Bocianowski J.

Biometrical Letters

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2016

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tom 53

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nr 1

47-57

EN

The aim of this paper is to present the comparison of three models applied to the analysis of a one-year study of protein yield for two types of hybrid maize cultivars under different forms of nitrogen fertilizer and doses of magnesium. The field trial was conducted in 2010 at the Agricultural Experimental Station in Swadzim (Poland). The results obtained were analyzed in terms of three randomization-derived models of observations. Consideration was given to three mixed systems, which are combinations of split-plot design, split-block design and randomized complete block design. The relative efficiency of the designs with respect to estimation of some comparisons among treatment combination effects was examined. Particular attention was paid to the interaction between cultivars and nitrogen fertilization.