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3 Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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NÁRODNOSTNÝ ŽIVOT MAĎAROV NA SLOVENSKU (KULTÚRNO - JAZYKOVÝ ASPEKT)

100%

Homišinová M.

nr 4

The main purpose of this paper is an analysis of the cultural and language problems of the Hungarian minority members living in Slovakia. This question will be analyzed with regard to their own personal perception, evaluation and consideration of these indicators as important factors for preservation of ethnical identity and for future development of it. The authoress utilized relevant results of empirical findings obtained from the 'modern' investigations in terrain, which were performed by the Institute of Social Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences in the framework of the Hungarian minority after year 1989. The situation in the above-mentioned areas was monitored and orientation of views of individual recipients or participants of culture, as well as users of Hungarian/mother language was investigated. In this study, the authoress briefly presents also a topical situation of Hungarian minority culture through characteristics of regenerated or newly created institutional cultural base after the change of political regime in Slovakia.

MOTHER TONGUE IN THE VALUES AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE WITH THE SLOVAK NATIONALITY IN CROATIA AND SERBIA

63%

Výrost J. , Homišinová M.

nr 4

The objective of the present study is a) to test the differences/similarities between value systems of Slovak adolescents from three culturally different settings (in Serbia, in Croatia, and in Slovakia); b) to verify the hypothesis that ethnic values play (for members of ethnic minorities in mutual comparison) a more important role. This article is a follow up to an earlier work focused on the values of the young Slovak minority members living in Hungary (Výrost, 2011). The empirical data was collected through questionnaires administered by interviewers. The obtained results of the comparison of value profiles (Kruskal-Wallis test) partially confirmed our hypothesis that minority members (Slovaks in Serbia) will prefer ethnic values more: As far as the Slovaks from Croatia are concerned, their value profile was more or less identical to the Slovaks living in Slovakia. The apparent differences between the two Slovak minority groups value profiles and the need to get a more detailed answer on the raised question, led us to conduct two analyses of binary logistic regression models (in each groups separately) to analyse the influence of value preferences on the attitude to mother tongue usage. In each group (Slovak adolescents in Serbia and Slovak adolescents in Croatia), a set of 10 values was observed as a significant (chi squareRS = 34.223, p < 0,001; chi squareHR = 18.170, p < 0.042), but moderate – about 30% – (Cox & Snell’s RRS²= 0.399; Cox & Snell’s RHR²= 0.315) predictor of the attitude to the mother tongue usage. Ethnic values played an important, but different role in these relations; in the case of Slovak adolescents living in Serbia it is “Mother tongue” value preference which contributes most significantly to the prediction, while in the group of Slovak adolescents living in Croatia it is “Nationality” value preference. Languages do not have the same function in communities, and this fact is especially true for minority languages; ethnic minorities live in a societal bilingualism, in disglossia, and the status of minority language differs from country to country for many reasons. The collected data confirm the necessity to study not only the legal or “objective” position of the mother tongue in life of ethnic minorities, but also its personal reflections.

ETHNO-CULTURAL ASPECTS OF NATIONAL LIFE OF YOUNG PEOPLE OF SLOVAK NATIONALITY IN CROATIA AND SERBIA (THEORY AND EMPIRISM)

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Homišinová M. , Lenovský L.

nr 4

Ethno cultural processes belong to the most dynamic, most complicated and most important socio-cultural characteristics of each society. An ethnic definition of culture and society is at present, at a time of multiculturalism and de-ethnicity of culture, an effective and used means of description, genesis, and pursuance of political as well as economic management. The aim of the study is to characterize the Slovak minority living in Croatia and Serbia in the ethno-cultural background of its development, to define the main factors of ethno-cultural progress and the perspectives of their development. At the same time it aims to represent the opinions of the research participants (young Slovak people living in Croatia and Serbia). The study consists of a theoretical as well as a practical part. The theoretical part of the study includes an integrated knowledge of important aspects of the ethno-culture of the Slovak minority, which were gained by long-term ethnological research in the environment. The empirical part focuses on the data gained in field research (2015) within a grant project ‘Verbal-communication behaviour of Slovak youth in Croatia and Serbia in a situational background of intra-ethnic usage of Slovak.’ Based on the quota sampling (age and gender), 170 respondents took part in the research (49 from Croatia and 121 from Serbia). To collect the sample data we used a structured questionnaire. In the theoretical part of the study we specified the display of ethnic identity and the functioning of the minority language, and we characterized the remaining cultural traditions of the Slovak minority living in Croatia and Serbia. Until the members of Slovak minorities living in their environment have a relationship to the ethnicity, Slovak language and traditions they will consider them values. While the language and the traditions represent a practical tool for the profit, they will keep, hand over or develop them. To judge the inner structure of the three items of ethno cultural development of minority, we used the method of factor analysis (extraction method – Principal Component Analysis, rotation Varimex, Varimex normalization). The empirical results confirm that Slovak adolescents in Croatia and Serbia express a higher rate of importance in all three selected aspects of ethno-cultural development of their minority. These can be determined not only by various factors of ethno cultural development of each minority, but also by their specific characteristics (minority size, setting, cultural-social forwardness etc.) and by the ethnic development rate (identity rate, ability to use mother tongue at a communication level, education system, institutionalisation rate etc.).