The protection of water bodies requires the reduction of pollutant emissions from all major sources. In urbanized areas, these include: wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and (depending on the type of sewage system) combined sewer overflows (CSOs) and stormwater drainage outlets. WWTPs are usually monitored and emitted pollutant loads are known, but it is more difficult to assess the pollutant load discharged by CSOs and stormwater drainage systems. The article attempts to use the Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) to assess emissions of suspended solids from a large urban combined catchment. Suspended solids are the main pollutant of stormwater runoff in urban areas, and the dynamics of their emission from catchments is very diverse. The amount of suspended solids discharged by CSOs functioning in the given city was assessed in comparison with emissions from a wastewater treatment plant. The results show that CSOs discharge a pollutant load to the receiver which is comparable to WWTPs, but in a much shorter time and in a violent manner which can lead to the severe deterioration of receiving water quality. The modelling took into account the quality of dry weather sewage, the build-up of suspended solids, wash-off processes in the catchment area, and local precipitation characteristics. Factors affecting the quality of the obtained model and the accuracy of the emission level assessment were analysed.
Municipal WWTP are exposed to the inflow of toxic substances, which may impede their proper functioning, especially of the biological part. In the case of combined or hybrid sewer systems, additionally, in wet weather, there may appear a rapid inflow of a mixture of domestic and industrial sewage, and stormwater in an amount exceeding the capacity of the devices, causing the need to discharge parts of not fully treated wastewater through the bypass channel. In such situations, the receivers are exposed to an inflow of increased amounts of pollutants. The article presents the concept of a monitoring, early warning and sustainable management system for the Lodz wastewater treatment plant, which will allow minimizing pollutant emissions to the aquatic environment.
PL
Miejskie oczyszczalnie ścieków są narażone na napływ substancji toksycznych, które mogą utrudniać ich prawidłowe funkcjonowanie, zwłaszcza części biologicznej. W przypadku ogólnospławnych lub mieszanych systemów kanalizacyjnych dodatkowo w czasie pogody mokrej może pojawić się gwałtowny dopływ mieszaniny ścieków bytowo-gospodarczych i przemysłowych oraz wód opadowych w ilości przekraczającej przepustowość urządzeń, powodując konieczność zrzutu części nie w pełni oczyszczonych ścieków przez kanał ominięcia. W takich sytuacjach odbiorniki są narażone na napływ zwiększonych ilości zanieczyszczeń. W artykule przedstawiono koncepcję systemu monitorowania, wczesnego ostrzegania i zrównoważonego zarządzania łódzką oczyszczalnią ścieków, który pozwoli zminimalizować emisję zanieczyszczeń do środowiska wodnego.
Municipal wastewater treatment plants are exposed to the inflow of toxic substances, which may hamper or even preclude their proper functioning, especially of the biological part. In the case of combined or hybrid sewer systems, additionally, in wet weather, there may appear a rapid inflow of a mixture of domestic and industrial sewage, and stormwater in an amount exceeding the capacity of the devices, causing the need to discharge parts of not fully treated wastewater through the bypass channel, which may reduce overall treatment effects. In such situations, the receivers are exposed to an inflow of increased amounts of pollutants, which on the one hand causes a threat to the aquatic environment, on the other, may result in administrative fines for the treatment plant resulting from non-compliance with the conditions of the water permit, as well as costs of removing the effects of failure. The article presents the concept of a monitoring, early warning and sustainable management system for the Lodz wastewater treatment plant, which will allow minimizing pollutant emissions to the aquatic environment. The system will be based on data from the municipal pluviometer network, measurement of flows in combines sewer overflows and newly built sewage quality monitoring stations equipped with on-line probes. The resulting data will allow to predict quantity and quality of inflow to the treatment plant, which will allow for an early warning about the dangers. In consequence decision-making to improve the safety of its operation will be possible.
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