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Polska Zachodnia w poglądach politycznych i publicystyce Józefa Ignacego Kraszewskiego z lat 1858-1872

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Czapiewski E.

Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka

2012

tom 67

nr 4

171–184

This article concerns the evolution of the worldview of a famous Polish author Józef Ignacy Kraszewski (1812-1887) concerning the legal state of lands controlled by the Prussian state (Germany since 1871), the eastern territories, which the writer considered to be Polish. This analysis concerns the 1858-1872 period, that is since his first journey west, when he spent time in Wrocław and Silesia, until 1872, when his brochure, The Polish Programme 1872. Thoughts about the national task (Program Polski 1872. Myśli o zadaniu narodowym) saw print, which was his informal political testament and a culmination of his political journalism concerning Western Poland. In the following years, until his death, he focused on writing novels, with mainly anti-German themes. The subject of detailed analysis are Kraszewski’s voluminous Balances (Rachunki), published annually in the years 1866-1869, in which he meticulously jotted down and commented upon the development of the Polish nation in the areas conquered by Prussia during the three partitions, in the years 1772-1795 (Greater Poland, Pomerania and Warmia), as well as Silesia and Masuria, which were not conquered, seeing as they were not part of Poland before 1772. In Balances from 1869, he called all these lands, for the first time, by the common name of the Prussian partition, this was to indicate their similar socio-political situation and the national link between all Polish lands under Prussian rule, regardless of their legal status. To the author this was Western Poland, which the Poles should incorporate into the free Polish state in order to achieve a historic restoration of ancient lands by the Oder river and the Baltic Sea.

Polska i Finlandia w Imperium Rosyjskim: różne drogi do niepodległości w XIX i na początku XX wieku

100%

Czapiewski E.

Wrocławskie Studia Wschodnie

2014

tom 18

75 - 89

The author of the article focuses on the differences between the Finnish and Polish roads to independence in the 19th and early 20th century. He points to the differences in the policyof the tsarist authorities with regard to the autonomy of the Kingdom of Poland and that of the Grand Duchy of Finland. He distinguishes and discusses three distinctive periods in the pursuit of this policy: 1809–1831, then 1832–1863 and, finally, the period of the biggest differences, 1863–1905. The late 19th century saw the tsarist authorities adopting a stricter policy aiming to restrict Finnish autonomy, which encouraged the Finnish elites to seek independence from Russia.

Polska — Ukraina — Rosja Radziecka, zderzenie strategii bezpieczeństwa regionalnego w latach 1918– 1921

100%

Czapiewski E.

Wrocławskie Studia Wschodnie

2016

tom 20

67-83

В тексте представлены вопросы отношений между Польшей, Советской Россией иУкраиной в контексте выбора каждым из этих субъектов своего собственного видения стратегии безопасности в период формирования их государственных структур. Автор подчеркивает, что непримиримые концепции не принесли ожидаемых результатов ни для одной из сторон. Если Польше и Советской России удалось добиться — в значительной степени мнимого — компромисса в виде Рижского мирного договора, то Украина лишилась тогда возможности сохранить независимость. Перевел Ежи Россеник

The article explores the relations between Poland, Soviet Russia and Ukraine in the context of each country’s choice of its own vision of security strategies in a period in which their state structures were being formed. The author stresses that their antagonistic concepts did not bring the expected success to any of the sides. Yet the debacles were by no means uniform. While Poland and Soviet Russia managed to agree on a compromise — largely ostensible — in the form of the Treaty of Riga, Ukraine lost its chance for continuing its independent existence. Translated by Anna Kijak