The objectives of this study were to examine the agreement between 5 ergonomic risk assessment methods calculated on the basis of quantitative exposure measures and to examine the ability of the methods to correctly classify 4 at risk jobs. Surface electromyography and electrogoniometry were used to record the physical exposures of 87 sawmill workers performing 4 repetitive jobs. Five ergonomic risk assessment tools (rapid upper limb assessment [RULA], rapid entire body assessment [REBA], American conference of governmental industrial hygienist’s threshold limit value for mono-task hand work [ACGIH TLV], strain index [SI], and concise exposure index [OCRA]) were calculated. Dichotomization of risk to no risk and at risk resulted in high agreement between methods. Percentage of perfect agreement between methods when 3 levels of risk were considered was moderate and varied by job. Of the methods examined, the RULA and SI were best (correct classification rates of 99 and 97% respectively). The quantitative ACGIH-TLV for mono-task hand work and Borg scale were worst (misclassification rates of 86 and 28% respectively).
The aim of this study was to determine biomechanical loads and subjective stresses on lumber graders and associated morbidity in a high risk and repetitive sawmill occupation. The exposures of all 29 male sawmill worker volunteers were recorded. Motion and posture were studied with electrogoniometers, muscle loads were recorded with surface electromyography, and psychophysical stresses were assessed with subjective responses. Fifty-nine percent of the participants reported greater than moderate discomfort in their taskdominant upper extremity. Job performance required an average range of motion of 44º, 21º, and 52º in flexion/extension, radial/ulnar deviations, and pronation/supination respectively. It also required an average of 9% maximum voluntary contraction force and was repeated an average of 34 times/min. This repetitive exertion over an 8-h shift was deemed to be a significant risk factor associated with prevalent upper extremity morbidity.
This paper presents a new method (model) for predicting the most efficient way to create a particle bridge on a formation face having a wide spread of pore throat sizes. Laboratory data, based on particle bridging distributions using this new model, are shown to be an improvement over two current industry methods. The improvement using this design has been effective in the field and has resulted high productivity
PL
W artykule przedstawiono mową metodę (model) przewidywania najbardziej skutecznych sposobów tworzenia mostków utworzonych z cząstek na czole formacji o szerokim rozkładzie kanalików w przestrzeni porowej. Badania laboratoryjne nad tym modelem wykazały, że ma on istotną przewagę nad dwom dotychczas stosowanymi w przemyśle metodami. Nowa metoda okazała się skuteczna w warunkach terenowych i zaowocowała zwiększoną produkcją
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