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Arctic shipping routes as alternative to the Suez Canal

100%

Pawelski J.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2022

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tom nr 70 (142)

41--51

EN

The grounding of a 400-meter long container vessel, called Ever Given, in the Suez Canal blocked the busiest shipping lane, which is responsible for 12% of seaborne trade, for 6 days. Some shipping companies had to divert their vessels and they had to take a much longer route around Africa to reach European ports. The concerned shipping industry started to look for alternative sea route to the Suez Canal with lesser risk of blockage, without a need to go around Africa. Such routes, which connect the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, exist in the Arctic and the warming of the global climate makes them more accessible over time but the assessment of their viability requires a multifaceted analysis based on available professional navigational publications, scientific papers, and knowledge of polar shipping realities. Several nautical aspects are taken into account with the purpose of choosing a polar route that is most suitable as an alternative to the Suez Canal. Three routes are under consideration. One of them is the Northern Sea Route in the eastern part of the Arctic Ocean, along the coast of the Russian Federation. The second route is the Northwest Passage through the western part of the Arctic, passing waters belonging to Greenland, Canada, and the United States. The third one passes near the North Pole, a prospective route that may become available for commercial shipping in the future due to Arctic ice shrinkage, and it is known as the Transpolar Route. Analysis of these routes unambiguously point to the Northern Sea Route as the only viable option. Most prospective alternatives to the Suez Canal are technically feasible with the new generation of cargo vessels and they are experiencing a growth in maritime traffic together with a steady development of associated infrastructure. The existing simplified analyses of the transit costs, assuming strait passage in polar waters without any course deviation and the additional fuel that is burnt to overcome increased friction during passage in ice, shows that under present conditions that the Suez Canal Route is still cheaper than any polar transit and, moreover, offers year-round availability. It cannot be ruled out that the upcoming warming of the Arctic climate, and a lowering of the transit tariffs by the Russian Federation may tip the balance in favor of the Northern Sea Route. Presented here is an analysis of the competitiveness of the Arctic Routes in comparison to the Suez Canal from the perspective of the mariner.

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Barriers impending introduction of autonomous vessels

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Pawelski J.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2022

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tom nr 72 (144)

34--41

EN

Today’s shipping industry is experiencing a shortage of properly trained and competent deck and engine officers. This problem is becoming more acute with each passing year and traditional methods to resolve it apparently do not work. It has become obvious that cargo vessels must be less dependent on human operators. The solution lies in the replacement of manned vessels with autonomous ones. The introduction of autonomous vessels encounters several barriers, which need to be analyzed to find ways to overcome them. It requires a multipronged analysis of existing regulations, technical limitations, cyber security, and co-existence of manned and unmanned vessels in waters with dense traffic. The most difficult problems lie in international regulations, which were written for manned vessels only. Such rules need to be reworked before the deployment of autonomous vessels can be sanctioned worldwide. Technical issues are being gradually resolved with the introduction of new technologies. Special attention should be given to the cyber security of autonomous shipping as it requires the transfer of very large amounts of data through wireless networks. Accommodation of manned and unmanned vessel traffic may require a new approach for ship routing to separate both kinds of traffic.

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Factors affecting safety of handling ultra large container vessels in Port of Gdańsk

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Pawelski J. , Piotrzkowski W. , Śniegocki H. , Wilczyński P.

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tom R. 20, nr 1-2

313--316

EN

Paper discussed important factors affecting handling of ULCS (ultra large container ships) in Port of Gdańsk. In recent years more such vessels had been calling Gdańsk, including new generation of ULCs called Triple-E launched by Maersk. Studies conducted in Maritime University confirmed feasibility of safe handling of such large vessels but pointed to several factors needed to be taken under consideration to provide required safety level for ship handling operations. Author analysed factors responsible for safe handling ULCs in Gdańsk.

PL

W artykule omówiono ważne czynniki wpływające na manewrowanie dużymi kontenerowcami w porcie gdańskim. W ostatnich latach coraz więcej takich statków zawijało do portu w Gdańsku, włączając w to nową generację ultra dużych kontenerowców typu Triple-E, zbudowaną dla firmy Maersk. Badania przeprowadzone na Uniwersytecie Morskim w Gdyni potwierdziły możliwość bezpiecznego manewrowania takimi statkami, ale wskazały na szereg czynników, które powinny być uwzględnione w celu zapewnienia odpowiedniego poziomu bezpieczeństwa operacjom manewrowania statkami. Autorzy przeanalizowali czynniki odpowiedzialne za bezpieczne manewrowanie dużymi kontenerowcami w porcie gdańskim.