Do badań pobrano 29 próbek węgla kamiennego z osadów formacji lubelskiej, eksploatowanych w kopalni Bogdanka (Lubelskie Zagłębie Węglowe). We wszystkich próbkach, po pełnym ich roztworzeniu, określono zawartości Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Mo, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Th, Tl, U, V i Zn metodą ICP-MS oraz zawartość Hg z próbki stałej metodą AAS z zatężaniem na amalgamatorze. Średnie zawartości pierwiastków wynosiły: Ag – <0,5 mg/kg, As – 47 mg/kg, Ba – 152 mg/kg, Cd – <0,2, Co – 7 mg/kg, Cr – 29 mg/kg, Cs – 1,4 mg/kg, Cu – 32 mg/kg, Hg – 0,105 mg/kg, Mo – 2,9 mg/kg, Mn – 12 mg/kg, Ni – 29 mg/kg, Pb – 14 mg/kg, Rb – 12,8 mg/kg, Sb – 1,5 mg/kg, Se – 4 mg/kg, Sn – 2 mg/kg, Sr – 160 mg/kg, Th – 4,8 mg/kg, Tl – 0,4 mg/kg, U – 2,2 mg/kg, V – 56 mg/kg i Zn – 31 mg/kg. Dendrogram stężeń pierwiastków śladowych w węglach wykazał zależności (powiązania) między: (a) Ba i Sr, (b) Co, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Tl, Sb, Sn, U i Cs oraz (c) Cr, Zn, Mn, Rb, Ni i Cu. Stwierdzone w węglu formacji lubelskiej średnie zawartości As, Se, Cr, Cu, Ni i V są wyższe od przeciętnych ich zawartości w węglu na świecie, natomiast Hg, Tl i Cd niższe, a Pb, Sb, Rb, Mn, Zn, Sn, U i Ba dość zbliżone do przeciętnych zawartości w węglu na świecie.
EN
Twenty-nine coal samples from the Lublin Formation exploited in the Bogdanka mine (Lublin Coal Basin) were taken for the study. In all samples, the cocentrations of Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Mo, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Th, Tl, U, V and Zn were determined by ICP-MS after full digestion of samples, Hg concentration was determined by AAS with its preconcentration on the amalgamator. Average concentrations of the elements were as follows: Ag – <0.5 mg/kg, As – 47 mg/kg, Ba – 152 mg/kg, Cd – <0.2 mg/kg, Co – 7 mg/kg, Cr – 29 mg/kg, Cs – 1.4 mg/kg, Cu – 32 mg/kg, Hg – 0.105 mg/kg, Mo – 2.9 mg/kg, Mn – 12 mg/kg, Ni – 29 mg/kg, Pb – 14 mg/kg, Rb – 12.8 mg/kg, Sb – 1.5 mg/kg, Se – 4 mg/kg, Sn – 2 mg/kg, Sr – 160 mg/kg, Th – 4,8 mg/kg, TI – 0.4 mg/kg, U – 2.2 mg/kg, V – 56 mg/kg, Zn – 31 mg/kg. Concentration dendrogram of trace elements in coals shows a relationship between (a) Ba and Sr, (b) Co, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Tl, Sb, Sn, U, and Cs, (c) Cr, Zn, Mn, Rb, Ni and Cu. The average concentrations of As, Se, Cr, Cu, Ni and V found in the Lublin Formation coals are higher than the averages in coals of the world, of Hg, Tl and Cd are lower, and those of Pb, Sb, Rb, Mn, Zn, Sn, U, and Ba are just close to their worldwide average.
In this work the studies were performed on the intensity of fouling of the membrane NF90 and NF270 depending on the value of dynamic contact angle, previously determined for these membrane. The NF membranes were used for the separation of broth obtained during the fermentation of glycerol by Lactobacilluscasei bacteria. The measurements of dynamic contact angle were carried out using the Wilhelmy plate method. Taped membranes samples (support layer to support layer), wetted for 2 days in deionized water prior to testing, were used to study the contact angle of top layer and its organic fouling. Using deionized water; the contact angle values equal to 27-30o and 53-57o for NF270 and NF90, respectively, were obtained. As a consequence of adsorption of organic compound on the membrane surfaces, the contact angle obtained for both fouled membranes was about 55-56o, and this value was closer to the contact angle of non-fouled NF90 membrane. Therefore, the NF90 membrane was more resistant to organic fouling during the separation of broth.