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nr 1
EN
Messenger RNA levels of three rcw-family genes (Pprasl, Ppras2, and Pprapl) were measured in different life forms and throughout the cell cycle of the slime mold Physarum polycephalum. All three genes are expressed at constant rates in the uni­nucleate amoebae and flagellates, regardless of the culture conditions (solid or liquid medium, particulate or dissolved nutrients). In the multinucleate stages (micro- and macroplasmodia) Pprasl and Pprapl mRNAs are somewhat less abundant, while Ppras2 is not expressed at all. The early stages of the amoeba-plasmodium transition proceed without any drop in Ppras2 expression. During the synchronous cell cycle in macroplasmodia Pprasl and Pprapl arc expressed at a constant level.
EN
Populations of three sympatric species (Daphnia cucullata, Daphnia galeata, and Daphnia hyalina (Daphnia longispina complex)) inhabiting three lakes in northeastern Poland (Roś, Mikołajskie, Wigry) were checked for interspecific hybrids. Hybrid Daphnia coexisting with parental individuals were detected in each of the investigated lakes. Several classes of hybrids (F1, F2, backcrosses), including D. cucullata×galeata×hyalina individuals, have been detected. Hybrids constituted a substantial (13%-38%) part of the total abundance of individuals of the D. longispina complex. Deficiency of heterozygotes (hybrids) detected may indicate the existence of barriers for gene flow between the sympatric Daphnia taxa.
EN
The mechanism that enables the coexistence of apparently very similar species is fundamental in understanding the diversity of natural communities. The ranges of reactions of the three Daphnia clones in the presence of toxic compounds and fish kairomones were studied in laboratory. The ranges were based on differences in body length, spine length and fecundity (number of eggs in a brood chamber) during first three reproductions. The ranges of reactions of the three clones differed dramatically. The range of D. galeata and D. hyalina hardly overlapped, while that of a D. galeata × hyalina hybrid clone was significantly broader than the ranges of either parental species. The observed diversity of ranges of reactions probably enables the coexistence of closely related species in the variable environment of natural lakes.
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tom 47
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nr 4
213-216
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