The article aims to describe the mutual political and diplomatic relations between Czechoslovakia and the State of Israel in 1960–1967. The period of the 1960s in Czechoslovakia was characterized by a partial liberalization and relaxation of the communist regime in various areas such as politics, economy and culture and so on. This process culminated in the well-known Prague Spring of 1967–1968. By using concrete examples, the author explains whether these changes were reflected by Czechoslovak diplomacy in its attitude towards Israel in any way. Special attention is given to Czechoslovak views on Adolf Eichmann’s trial in Jerusalem in 1962, and to the events of the Six Days War in 1967 that led to the official dissolution of Czechoslovak-Israeli diplomatic relations.
This study examines Czechoslovak-Egyptian political relations in the first two decades of the Cold War, with their symbolic milestone being the state visit of a delegation led by President Antonín Novotný to Egypt in November 1966. This journey not only gained significant attention from Czechoslovak and global media but also served as a public declaration of mutual friendship and support between Czechoslovakia and Egypt. These two countries, which had experienced a period of close cooperation during the Suez Crisis, underwent a significant cooling of relations in the late 1950s and early 1960s due to ideological differences. Additionally, this trip was the first visit of Czechoslovak president in Egypt since the interwar period, making it an event that transcended the usual boundaries of bilateral relations between these two states. From a propaganda standpoint, it was also considered one of the important moments in the ongoing Cold War rivalry in the Third World.
The mutual relations between Czechoslovakia and Israel in the 20th century encountered many remarkable changes. While for quite a short period in the late 1940s the diplomatic relations between these two states was very cooperative and friendly, in the early 1950s the situation was totally reversed. Antisemitism was an integral part of the show trials with Rudolf Slánský, the former General Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, and his co-workers in 1951 – 1952. The essential part of these political processes was the trials with two Israeli citizens Mordechai Oren and Shimon Orenstein. The arrests of both men implicated a political scandal in Israel and also had a very negative impact on the contemporary diplomatic relations of Czechoslovakia and Israel. This article aims to describe in detail this story and to analyze the impacts of the imprisonments of the two men (sometimes known as Prisoners of Prague) on mutual relations between Czechoslovakia and Israel in 1950s.
This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the diplomatic relations between Czechoslovakia and Iran during the period of 1968 – 1978. Despite being aligned with opposing superpower alliances during the Cold War, the two countries established a pragmatic partnership in the 1960s that persisted even after the Prague Spring of 1968 had been terminated by the invasion by the Warsaw Pact armies. The subsequent political developments in Czechoslovakia, characterized by a process known as normalization, aimed to curtail reforms and reinforce the dominant role of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. However, this ideological framework was not fully applied to the relations with Iran under the royal regime of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. On the contrary, Czechoslovakia and Iran experienced flourishing economic and cultural exchanges. In particular, important official visits took place, involving also the heads of state, to publicly demonstrate the strength of the mutual partnership. Nonetheless, this cooperation was ultimately disrupted by the fall of the Shah's regime in the wake of the Iranian Revolution in 1979. This research draws primarily on hitherto underexploited archival documents from the relevant Czech archives, offering a Czechoslovak perspective on the development of mutual relations between the two countries.
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