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2 Szymanek J.

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Determinanty procesu zmiany konstytucji

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Szymanek J.

nr PL 3(93)

9-31

The article focuses on the issue of changing the constitution. It is assumed that the constitution has to be an act of a long-lasting force. Frequent amendments diminish both the legal and political status of the constitution. Thus, the amendment procedure should be limited by the constitution itself. Changing the constitution has to be something special. Nevertheless, every constitution must provide in its text for the possibility of amendment. These are the today's motivations driven by the desire to improve constitutions or to adapt them to the international standards (European). Exceptions include constitutions written from the very beginning. However, changing the provisions of the constitution is currently being carried out also in other forms than changing the text itself. Often, changes to the constitution are done through practice. For example, the changes result from court judgments, especially the constitutional courts. Note, however, that no matter what kind of an amendment, it is most often determined by the political circumstances. This is especially true when the change takes the form of a written amendments to the text of the constitution.

Политика государства по отношению к Церкви в Польше после 1989 года: конституционный аспект

100%

Szymanek J.

nr 30

119-139

The text is about the constitutional foundations of the State’s policy towards the Church in Poland after 1989. It analyses the political and social determinants of the currently binding legal regulations indicating the State-Church relationship, their content and the way constitutional regulations referring to the issue of religion are applied. All the reflections are presented in the context of the question about the secularity of the relationship between the State and the Church.