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2 Polish Journal of Ecology

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Circadian rhythms of ground living spiders: mechanisms of coexistence strategy based on the body size

100%

Krumpalova Z. , Tuf I. H.

tom 61

nr 3

Circadian rhythms of activity are one of the many cases of the multidimensional mechanisms of species coexistence. Except of others, the mechanisms of coexistence strategy of spiders involve habitat, seasonal occurrence, food offers and body size of spiders. Circadian rhythm of activity of ground living spiders in floodplain forest and clearcut along the Morava River in the Litovelské Pomoraví Protected Landscape Area (Czech Republic, Central Europe) was studied. Activity of whole community was asymmetrical, diurnal activity was more frequent than nocturnal. Abundant species were analysed closely. Patterns of similarity in syntopic spider groups suggested the body size is significant factor influencing their circadian activity. We found out the predominantly small species achieved bimodal pattern of activity, influenced by the different activity of males and females. Generally we can conclude that spiders smaller than 5 mm were active during late night-morning and spiders bigger than 5 mm were active during afternoon and evening. This pattern was associated with changes of temperature of soil surface – big spiders were active during warmer parts of day. The presented data provide evidence of body-size differences among the spiders enable their coexistence in assemblages.

Small mammals in an urban area: habitat preferences and urban-rural gradient in Nitra city, Slovakia

51%

Klimant P. , Klimantova A. , Balaz I. , Jakab I. , Tulis F. , Rybansky L. , Vadel L. , Krumpalova Z.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2017

tom 65

nr 1

The small mammal species were investigated in the urbanized environment of Nitra city (Slovakia) in a multiscale-approach: at habitat level and at landscape level (urban-rural gradient). Continuous comprehensive rodent samplings from 2012 to 2015 were conducted in ten study sites, classified into three urban zones (landscape level). The total effort comprised 1,250 specimens of 13 species (Microtus arvalis, Apodemus sylvaticus, A. flavicollis, A. uralensis, Clethrionomys (Myodes) glareolus, M. subterraneus, Micromys minutes, Mus spicilegus, M. musculus, Crocidura suaveolens, C. leucodon, Sorex araneus, S. minutus) gathered in 14950 trapxnights. Environmental variables (habitat level) at each site were processed in the Geographical Information System as a proportion of landscape units around the trapping line and by a phytosociological survey. At the habitat level, we found a relationship between the landscape habitat structure and each species of small mammals. Diversity, species richness and relative abundance of small mammals decreased with the density of the built-up area. At landscape level, urban zones had a significant influence on species diversity, richness and relative abundance of small mammal populations. On the other hand, the presence of small mammal species precisely determined the urban zones, where we identified seven indicative species.