The main goal of the commentary is to understand and evaluate the authors’ motives hidden behind their publication of the text on psycho-business in the Polish popular magazine “Charaktery”. The text, in fact a controversial provocation, may be evaluated in terms of competence and morality. While trying to understand Witkowski’s and Fortuna’s motives underlying the provocation, I also encourage the Authors to work towards improvement of Polish law concerning psychotherapy.
Three independent studies verified the hypothesis that situational factors influence naive theories of one's own biases. The following situational factors were taken into account: authority level, reward, anxiety level, semantic or episodic memory. The accuracy of the perception of one's own biases was measured in all three studies. The results demonstrated that situational factors played a modest role in the accurate perception of one's own biases. The valence of biases showed the strongest impact on the accuracy of perception: higher accuracy was observed with respect to the biases that testify positively for the subject when compared to the biases that are negative.
PL
Na podstawie trzech niezależnych badań weryfikowano hipotezy o wpływie czynników sytuacyjnych – takich jak poziom lęku, autorytet, wysokość nagrody, wzbudzanie pamięci semantycznej lub epizodycznej – na trafność spostrzegania własnych zachowań – przejawów odchyleń od racjonalności. Czynniki sytuacyjne odgrywały mierną rolę. Najsilniej na trafność wpływa wartościowość odchyleń od racjonalności: te, które dobrze świadczą o wykonawcy, są trafniej spostrzegane we własnym zachowaniu niż takie prawidłowości, które mówią o człowieku źle.
The main goal of our study was to investigate the role of insight into one’s own biases (metacognitive self) in the process of hypothesis validation in accordance to the two fundamental social perception domains (community and competence) on the example of confirmation bias. The study was conducted on a group of 593 participants with the use of a confirmation bias procedure, a free recall procedure and the Metacognitive Self scale. We manipulated with the domain and the value of information given to the respondents. We suspected that individuals with a high metacognitive self, in opposition to low metacognitive self ones, would not process the given information according to the two fundamental social perception domains. The results verified the existence of an interaction effect of the metacognitive self (MCS) and the domain of the information given about a perceived person on the susceptibility to follow the confirmation bias. Contrary to the low metacognitive self individuals, who show a higher tendency for the confirmation bias within the competence than the community domain, persons with a high insight into their own biases express the same level of confirmation bias in no respect to the domain of the information. The value of the information has no significant influence.
The main aim of our investigation is a cognitive interdependence to metacognitive self. Metacognitive self construct as a new one is considered. Three studies are presented: first two as evidence for monitoring effect of metacognitive self, and the last one – as cross-cultural study. The latter is devoted to the role of metacognitive self in affect regulation. Studies showed that metacognitive self may be responsible for persistence in cognitive load conditions, and metacognitive self may serve as a protector against certain symptoms of depression.
We presented 3 studies on the relation between metacognitive self, that is self- awareness of biases, and the drive to posses information that is diagnostic about the outcome. First study (N=184) showed that high MCS participants sought self- diagnostic information significantly more often then their low MCS counter partners. Second study is devoted to the development of the new measure SDMS (N = 555), that is the motive to look for self – diagnostic information. The last study (N = 90) presented that high MCS participants in contrary to low MCS ones, posses higher drive for looking self- diagnostic information when feedback about the outcome is negative. We discuss the results in line with Taylor & Brown (1988) reasoning on self- regulatory functions of biases.
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