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Ameryka Północna i Południowa. Teraźniejszość i przyszłość integracji gospodarczej

100%

Czarnacki M.

Roczniki Nauk Społecznych

2004

tom 32

nr 3

75-83

The 1990s saw a number of relevant events in the area of international economic integration that are best demonstrated by huge political and economic blocs that appeared in this period. The European Union and The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) are one of the biggest and most important of them. With the view to the strategic importance of the cooperation between American states, the author presents how the North American Free Trade Agreement functions and describes the process of founding the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA). The first part of the article devoted to the NAFTA looks at the main principles of the Area as well as at trends in trade among its members. In the second part dealing with the FTAA the author presents the main reasons for the commencement of negotiations regarding the foundation of the FTAA and synthetically presents its economic potential.

Restrukturyzacja gospodarki brazylijskiej w latach 1950-2004

100%

Czarnacki M.

Roczniki Wydziału Nauk Prawnych i Ekonomicznych KUL

2006

tom 2

nr 2

243-260

The article presents the process of restructurization of Brazilian economy in the second half of the 20th century. The Author presents major economic programs implemented by the Brazilian government since 1950's until 2004 and shows the main assumptions of implemented reforms and their effects in the economy. The Author proves that structural changes, which can be noticed in the Brazilian economy, are fundamental for further strengthening of Brazil’s position in both South America and global economy.

Brazylia jako przykład mocarstwa regionalnego

100%

Czarnacki M.

Roczniki Nauk Społecznych

2006

tom 34

nr 3

25-37

The globalisation and regionalisation processes, that take place in modern world have not, however, eradicated the division of the world into numerous influence zones of the main regional economies, that is, regional power. Brazil – the Latin America’s biggest country – is an example of such a power. The purpose of this article aims to present Brazil as the, above mentioned, regional power, by means of the fundamental socio-economical factors (such as GDP, population figure or the military potential), against a background of other countries seen as empires (for example the USA, China, Russia). In the first part of the article there has been presented the evolution of the thought concerning the notions such as ‘country’, ‘sovereignty’, ‘power’ and ‘empire’. In the second part, there has been made a comparative analysis of Brazil with regard to selected countries perceived as empires or claiming to be one of them.