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Reproductive plasticidy of the American mink Mustela vison in Belarus

100%

Sidorovich V. E.

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nr 2

EN

Reproduction of the American mink Mustela vison Schreber, 1777 population introduced to Belarus was studied in 1983 — 1992. Material consisted of 52 male genitalia, carcasses of 45 pregnant females, and observations of 19 litters with blind cubs and 31 litters with larger cubs, The study was conducted in two areas in northern Belarus: Rossony, where the decrease of mink numbers due to excessive trapping was recorded, and Gorodok, where the expansion of American mink in the presence of the native European mink Mustela lutreola was observed. Mating period of American mink lasted from mid February to mid April. Young were born from April till mid June. Litter size was on average 4.2 (blind cubs) and 3.3 in older cubs (> 2 months old). Reproduction intensity on Drissa river and its tributaries was related to density. On average, 3.3 embryos per pregnanat female were found in 1-yr females and 4.3 in > 2-yr old females at the density of 13.3 mink/10 km of watercourse. In the low density population (2.8 mink/10 km due to overexploitation by hunters) reproduction intensity increased to an average of 4.2 embryos in 1-yr females and 6.0 in £ 2-yr females. During population decrease, percentage of young increased and the sex ratio became biased towards females. In an expanding population of American mink that had newly colonised Lovat river, the reproduction was very intense (7.3 - 7.6 embryos/female). The results show a great reproductive plasticity of American mink that obviously helped this species to successfully colonise new ranges after introduction.

2

Porównawcza morfometria allometryczna czaszki norki (Mustela vison Schreber, 1777) pochodzenia kanadyjckiego i białoruskiego; status taksonomiczny

63%

Kruska D. C. T. , Sidorovich V. E.

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nr 2

3

Reproduction in otters in Belarus and north-western Russia

63%

Sidorovich V. E. , Tumanov I. L.

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tom 39

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nr 1

EN

Between 1967 and 1991, otters Latra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) were collected from Belarus and NW Russia (St. Petersburg, Pskov, and Novgorod regions). Reproductive status was assessed by histological study of the reproductive organs of 99 otters. Reproductive maturity was recorded in otters > 2 years old. No definite breeding period could be determined. The uteri of 10 females contained from 2 to 4 non-resorbing embryos, 2.6 on average. The sizes of 81 litters of blind cubs were counted; an average of 2.6 cubs per litter was recorded.

4

Seasonal and annual variation in the diet of the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides in northern Belarus: the role of habitat type and family group

51%

Sidorovich V. E. , Solovej I. A. , Sidorovich A. A. , Dyman A. A.

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nr 1

EN

To study variation in the diet of the raccoon dogNyctereutes procyonoides Gray, 1834 in northern Belarus, 3299 scats were sampled from 18 localities differing in habitat quality. In one of the 18 localities, the dietary study was conducted for nine years. The data obtained was analysed according to seasonality, between-year difference, family specificity and habitat influence. In northern Belarus, the raccoon dog was found to be a generalist predator with omnivorous and opportunistic feeding habits. Their diet was highly variable, but a common trait was specialization on carrion in winter and on berries in late summer. Beside carrion and berries, the other seasonally important food items were frogs, insects, plant matter, mammals, and birds. The diet varied between seasons and habitats. In the warm season, habitat factors, such as type of soil (clay or sand), proportion of lakes and open grassy marshes, seemingly determine the food supply for raccoon dogs, and thereby influence the diet of individuals. The obtained results on dietary variation of raccoon dogs can be used in detailed analysis of the impact of this introduced species on native fauna and its role in functioning of vertebrate communities.

5

Molecular biogeography of red deer Cervus elaphus from eastern Europe: insights from mitochondrial DNA sequences

26%

Niedzialkowska M. , Jedrzejewska B. , Honnen A.-C. , Otto T. , Sidorovich V. E. , Perzanowski K. , Skog A. , Hartl G. B. , Borowik T. , Bunevich A. N. , Lang J. , Zachos F. E.

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nr 1

EN

European red deer are known to show a conspicuous phylogeographic pattern with three distinct mtDNA lineages (western, eastern and North-African/Sardinian). The western lineage, believed to be indicative of a southwestern glacial refuge in Iberia and southern France, nowadays covers large areas of the continent including the British Isles, Scandinavia and parts of central Europe, while the eastern lineage is primarily found in southeast-central Europe, the Carpathians and the Balkans. However, large parts of central Europe and the whole northeast of the continent were not covered by previous analyses. To close this gap, we produced mtDNA control region sequences from more than 500 red deer from Denmark, Germany, Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine and western Russia and combined our data with sequences available from earlier studies to an overall sample size of almost 1,100. Our results show that the western lineage extends far into the European east and is prominent in all eastern countries except for the Polish Carpathians, Ukraine and Russia where only eastern haplotypes occurred. While the latter may actually reflect the natural northward expansion of the eastern lineage after the last ice age, the present distribution of the western lineage in eastern Europe may in large parts be artificial and a result of translocations and reintroduction of red deer into areas where the species became extinct in historical times.