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Content available remote On the classification of dense fluids
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tom Vol. 32, No. 4
933--940
EN
It is commonly accepted that the existence of entropy imposes restrictions on the constutive functions in the Navier-Stokes-Fourier equations. In the paper: S. Piekarski, "On the Navier- Stokes equation for water" (Archives of Acoustics, 31, 2, 265271, 2006) it has been shown that if the energy per unit mass is a function of the temperature T only, then the pressure p is an arbitrary function of the density - multiplied by the temperature T. Now the general form of the relations between the energy density and the pressure is given (both quantities are understood as functions of the mass density and the temperature). These relations can be approximated in different ways and different approximations suggest different classifications of dense fluids (some of them are similar to the virial expansions).
EN
The article presents basic objectives and tasks carried out within logistic management of a trade-service enterprise. The object of the research is a company running authorised distribution of agricultural tractors and machines, spare parts and services of products. The processes in the trade and service company providing services for the sector of food producers can be divided into: logistics of the trade department, logistics of the sales department of spare parts and operation fluids, as well as logistics of the maintenance service station. All the above mentioned subsystems complement each other on particular stages of the logistic chain, ensuring the optimal customer service. The sales procedure of new agricultural tractors by the Commercial Department has been presented. The distribution of tractors can be performed according to four routes of fulfilment of orders placed by the consumer. The shortest procedure is applied when the required model is available at the dealer's location. The tractor can also be ordered from the National Logistic Centre or from other company's supplies, if the company constitutes an element of the distribution network. The longest route pertains to the situation when the order is placed via email directly to the factory producing a given model. The system of spare parts sale within a logiparts is satisfied with the use of logistic solutions, which enhance the speed and reliability of commodity flow in the supply chain. The structure of distribution of spare parts for farm tractors and machines functions as a net with the following elements: the European Logistic Centre, the National Logistic Centre and regional wholesale stores run by dealer companies. Kinds of orders made by a commercial company in the National Logistic Centre of the manufacturer and a procedure compulsory for ordering spare parts for individual needs of a customer have been characterised. Supplying the stocks is generated in the IT system after reaching the safety level by spare parts and it takes a form of timely orders or special order. Preparing the document of an individual order is preceded by the process of verification of the required parts in order to establish their catalogue code, taking into consideration construction changes for a given type and year of a given tractor or a farm machine. The participation of employees in the process of technical completion is aimed at eliminating errors and mistakes at the preliminary stage of the order. The occurrence of inconsistencies in each case lowers the level of customer service and is a reason of losses for the company and the purchaser. Accepting the order results in its immediate transfer to the National Logistic Centre via email. Logistic tasks in the procedure of performing warranty and post-warranty services by the Service Department as well as the procedure of spare parts supply, necessary for the fulfilment of accepted orders, have been presented. When establishing a current schedule, the Service Department takes the following factors into consideration: the availability of spare parts, the time of repair and the market demand for maintenance services in a given period of the year. The structure of logistic system of spare parts distribution is based on three levels of availability. The location in the wholesale store of the dealer makes it possible to receive the parts immediately; ordering them at the National Logistic Centre involves waiting for 24 hours, while supplies from the European Logistic Centre are carried out within 48 hours. The logistic management is a kind of activity based on fulfilling precisely established goals. A perfect organisation and professional technical service, with a simultaneous care for high effectiveness, require concentrating efforts and means on ensuring the flow of products for sale at the level which satisfies the market demand.
EN
The main interest of pharmacokinetics is the study of the fate of drugs in the living organism. This work proposes the system of the conservation laws that describes time-dependent concentrations of a drug, after a single intravenous administration. Compared with others, the proposed model considers both free and protein-bound drug concentrations at the same time. Plasma protein binding captured in the model enters the nonlinearity arising from the Guldberg-Waage law. According to our best knowledge, the analytical solution for our system does not exist. Our model allows the calculation of the free and bound-drug protein concentrations at any time point and at any dose after single intravenous bolus dose administration. In order to compare the empirical with simulated data, a numerical approach has been proposed. On the basis of published experimental data the model validation has been carried out. The goodness of fit was satisfactory (R 2 = 0.99) and the experimental and simulated AUC (area under the curve) values, as the measure of the bioavailability of drug, were similar (150 M/hxh−1). The preliminary assessment of the model credibility was positive and encouraged further studies.
EN
Insecticides have leading role in reduction of population of arthropods, especially vectors of infectious diseases. Efficacy of insecticides is usually proved on biological material and described after adjusting the values of parameters in some “theoretical” function to the experimental results. In the standard approach, such function is described by probit regression. However, in some cases reaction of the population on pesticide differs from those which could be described by the probit regression curve and the results could not be properly assessed. The aim of this study was to elaboratie a practical tool for evaluating insecticide/acaricide efficacy, more universal than classical probit calculation. Software performing analysis was created using R 2.13.1 statistical software.
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