Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Armed Forces as a Geopolitics Instrument from a Historical and Contemporary Perspective

100%

Ziętarski M.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2020

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tom 34(34)

145-156

EN

Geography can restrain states, or create possibilities to the political activity that states carry out. Following Carl von Clausewitz, one can point to the relation between politics and war. The famous Prussian general claimed that war is an extension of politics made by means of the armed forces. Questions should therefore be posed how geography restrains or stregthens the activity of the armed forces, and how geopolitics determines the functioning of the military. The following article shows the abovementioned imperative in the historical as well as contemporary context. The aim of the study is to place the armed forces in the geopolitical framework and to show the cause-and-effect relationship between the operations of the armed forces and geopolitics. The research is carried out on the time axis: the time analysis is divided into the period of the Second World War, the Cold War and the post-Cold War period.

2

Zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa ekologicznego – próba systematyzacji w świetle badanych dokumentów

100%

Ziętarski M.

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2020

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nr 5

185-195

EN

The article presents trends that will determine contemporary challenges and threats to state security. With the development of descriptive works and explanations of non-military security, ecology is becoming a more and more frequently described issue. As regards the limitation of ecological safety, climate change is indicated as one of the key security megatrends in the 21st century. In the article the term determining ecological safety presents the challenges that must be acknowledged and faced in order to effectively create safety.

PL

W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono zagrożenia dla bezpieczeństwa ekologicznego. Cel postawiony przez autora realizowany jest poprzez analizę historyczną dokumentów i raportów zogniskowanych wokół problematyki ekologii. Ważnym zjawiskiem jest rozwój prac opisujących i objaśniających bezpieczeństwo pozamilitarne. W powyższych publikacjach ekologia staje się coraz częściej opisywanym zagadnieniem i wpływa na właściwą – szerszą – optykę na sprawy bezpieczeństwa. O wpływie bezpieczeństwa ekologicznego świadczy fakt, iż zmiany klimatyczne są wskazywane jako jeden z kluczowych megatrendów bezpieczeństwa w XXI wieku. W artykule opisano determinanty bezpieczeństwa ekologicznego, ukazano wyzwania, które należy dostrzec i którym trzeba sprostać, aby skutecznie kreować bezpieczeństwo na wielu poziomach.

3

Polska Marynarka Wojenna w działaniach dyplomatycznych na rzecz budowania bezpieczeństwa morskiego państwa w okresie międzywojennym

45%

Będźmirowski J. , Nawrot D. , Ziętarski M. , Kufel J. , Gac M.

Alcumena. Pismo Interdyscyplinarne

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2023

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nr 3(15)

157-178

EN

The purpose of the article is to present the diplomatic activity of representatives of the Polish Navy, aimed at creating solid political and military foundations for the foundation, which was the maritime security of the state. Poland found itself in a new reality, becoming a coastal state. It had a maritime border and the company of states that were not satisfied with such a state, namely: the Weimar Republic and Bolshevik Russia. In addition to these countries, new countries have emerged in the Baltic Sea basin, such as Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Finland. One cannot ignore the eternal Baltic States, i.e., Denmark and Sweden. Poland decided that its foreign policy in the Baltic Sea basin should be based on good neighborly relations with countries that, like it, have regained their independence, as well as with Denmark and Sweden. Today, from the perspective of several decades, it can be said that this task was difficult to implement. This was influenced by many factors, which will be presented in the article. Unfortunately, one of them, independent of the Polish side, were the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles, which were not able to prevent the revival of German power and the revolutionary Soviet Union. The Versailles order achieved neither legitimacy nor a balance of power. A key role in the foreign policy of coastal states is played by the navy, which is its most important component. The Navy is the only branch of the armed forces of a country that, through the sovereignty of the decks and their immunity, has a much greater diplomatic „potential” than the land forces or the air force. Therefore, representatives of the navy are participants in universally understood diplomacy and function as naval attachés. It is they who are responsible for maintaining „maritime” relations between the states with which international relations are maintained. It is they who prepare the visits of warships in a given country and take care of their proper setting. It was, it is, and it will be. Poland began to fit into this mechanism practically from the establishment of the Polish Navy and continues to this day. The presented article focuses on the diplomatic missions of PMI officers in the interwar period.