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Bone material and mineralogical processes of its destruction at the site of Tell el-Farkha

100%

Pawlikowski M. , Dębowska-Ludwin J.

Studies in Ancient Art and Civilization

2011

tom 15

37-47

Destruction of artifacts present at archaeological sites is the process leading to disappearance of objects. That is why determination of ways and stages of destruction may help reconstruct important finds. The article deals with results of investigation of bones damage at the Pre- and Early Dynastic archeological site of Tell el-Farkha located in the Nile Delta. Archaeological importance of bone material is pointed as well as usual context of its discovery. Then, two ways of bone destruction are described – chemical by dissolution and disintegration by crystallization of secondary minerals at the bone structure. Additionally, it was stated that although animal bones are generally discovered in rather poor condition, they are usually better preserved than human bones observed as skeletons at tombs. This phenomenon is the effect of various burial rules of human and animal remains. Human skeletons were buried with all tissues and products of decomposition represented mostly by organic acids formed due to tissue decomposition lead to damage of human bones. Bones of animals were usually buried out of meat therefore the mentioned processes did not take place.

Study on boulders of megalith 3 at the Wietrzychowice site (Central Poland)

80%

Pawlikowski M. , Jaranowski M. , Papiernik P.

Acta Geographica Lodziensia

2020

tom 110

137-147

Boulders from Wietrzychowice megaliths underwent geological, mineralogical and petrographic study. Pink and grey granitoids were more numerous than other types of erratic stones. Boulders used in building the stone walls of the megalith’s construction had been processed by means of “flaking” technique, rock-cutting technology, mixed “flaking” and rock-cutting technologies, and by drilling. Initial research has revealed the presence of Cretaceous and Jurassic flint stones in glaciofluvial gravel in the vicinity of the site. They underwent preliminary technological, mineralogical and geochemical analysis. The research was conducted by means of modern mineralogical methods, including polarised and scanning microscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy.