The paper follows from new collection of Socratic studies Socrates and the Socratic Dialogue (2018) edited by Alessandro Stavru a Christopher Moore. The author points to increased interest of scholars in re-examining Socratic philosophy, presents so-called “minor Socratics” as important figures of the Socratic movement, and reflects their significance for the study of Socrates՚ philosophy and its legacy. Final part outlines philosophical relevance of Aeschines of Sphettus.
The aim of this paper is to present recent Socratic studies as offered in the collected papers edited by Ugo Zilioli titled From the Socratics to the Socratic Schools: Classical Ethics, Metaphysics and Epistemology (2015) in the context of Slovak researches in this field. The paper has twofold ambition: to be informative about contemporary Socratic studies as well as to be protreptic for further reading and the exploration of the Socratic tradition.
The paper examines the relationship between ancient Cynicism and his modern counterpart - cynicism. Ancient Cynicism is a strictly ethical way of life, while modern cynicism despises all ethical values. Ancient Cynicism is said to be a 'shortest way to virtue' and is characterized by its commitment to a life in agreement with nature, radical freedom, self-sufficiency and by the absence of philosophical theory in favour of practical, lived philosophy. Modern cynicism is a result of a long lasting history of interpreting and misunderstanding of ancient Cynicism (mainly the Cynic's life in agreement with nature and his ascetic practices, which were often seen as a crude shamelessness). However, cynicism is the consequence of 'the unfulfilled promises' of Enlightenment. It is a reason turned against reason itself. The paper offers a brief history of the reception of Cynicism on its way toward the modern cynicism.
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