Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Health risk surveillance of arsenic in wastewater, groundwater, and agricultural land along Hudaira Drain, Pakistan using GIS techniques

100%

Javaid A. , Ahmad S. R. , Qadir A.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2019

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tom 28

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nr 2

EN

The present study focuses on the health risk assessment and spatial distribution of arsenic in Hudaira Drain and its adjoining areas using GIS techniques. For this purpose, surface water, groundwater, and soil samples were collected from the nine transects across the drain. The results of the present study indicated that two of the examined transects were situated in a high arsenic concentration zone and this area was dominated by industrial activities. A strong correlation at 95% confidence level exists among drain water, ground water, and soil. Furthermore, Hazard quotient (HQ) was calculated and results indicated that about 75% of children and 50% of adults may be affected by arsenic through drinking of groundwater. The presence of arsenic in groundwater, which is a major source of drinking water in this area, may cause excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR)> 10⁻⁴ in 44.4% of the resident human population. There is an urgent need to focus on the arsenic contamination issue in this area in order to protect the groundwater, surface water, and soil resources from arsenic contamination for better human health.

2

Evaluation of surface water quality on spatiotemporal gradient using multivariate statistical techniques: a case study of River Chenab, Pakistan

100%

Kausar F. , Qadir A. , Ahmad S. R. , Baqar M.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2019

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tom 28

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nr 4

EN

The Chenab River is experiencing deteriorating water quality due to ill-planned industrialization, population pressure, extensive agriculture, water diversion and rapid urbanization. Our study was designed to highlight the spatiotemporal variation in the water quality of the Chenab and identify potential pollution sources using multivariate analyses viz cluster analysis, discriminant analysis, principal component analysis and factor analysis. Water samples were collected from nine sampling sites along the Chenab from 2012 to 2014 during dry and wet seasons. Cluster analysis identified three zones, i.e., least stressed zone (LSZ), moderately stressed zone (MSZ) and highly stressed zone (HSZ). The discriminant analysis differentiated seven parameters (COD, Cl, SO4, K, Cu, Cd and Pb) and five parameters (TDS, Cl, S, F and Ca) as most significant on spatial and temporal bases, respectively. The untreated industrial and domestic wastewater, atmospheric deposition and surface runoff containing heavy metals and fertilizer along with a decrease in dilution factor due to the diversion of the water through link canals were identified as the major factors causing water quality deterioration. Therefore, the results imply that a comprehensive water management plan and implementation of environmental laws are urgently needed to protect Chenab water quality.

3

Environment Friendly Approach to Simultaneously Remove Unfixed Dyes from Textile Fabric and Wash-off Liquor

100%

Shaikh I. A. , Muqddas A. , Jamil N. , Qadir A.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2016

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tom Vol. 24, no. 3 (117)

124--129

EN

A new idea was investigated in this study wherein the use of coagulants was assessed in the wash-off process to simultaneously remove unfixed reactive dyes from fabrics and wash off liquor. At the end of dark shade dyeing (5% owf) with C.I. Reactive Yellow 145, C.I. Reactive Red 194, and C.I. Reactive Black 5, fabrics were subjected to both conventional and new wash-off methods, and comparisons were made. The effectiveness of coagulant wash-off was evaluated in terms of the change in shade, wash fastness, rubbing properties, and colour difference values (ΔL*,ΔC*, Δh* & ΔE*). The colour removal efficiency (%) of liquor was considered as indicative of the removal of unfixed dyes from the fabric. Overall results have shown that the use of alum and MgCl2 coagulants during the wash-off process can achieve up to an 87% reduction in the colour of wash-off liquor, without compromising the colour properties of the dyed substrate.

PL

W pracy przedyskutowano nową koncepcję polegającą na zastosowaniu koagulantów w procesie prania z jednoczesnym usunięciem niezwiązanych barwników reaktywnych z tkanin tekstylnych i płynów pralniczych. Oceniano zmiany odcieni zabarwienia przy barwieniu barwnikami C.I. Reactive Yellow 145, C.I. Reactive Red 194 i C.I. Reactive Black 5; dla porównania materiały barwione poddano tradycyjnemu praniu i obróbce według opracowanej metody. Wyniki badań wykazały, że stosowanie koagulantów ałunu i MgCl2 podczas procesu pralniczego prowadzi do 87% redukcji koloru płynu pralniczego bez równoczesnego wpływu na kolor barwionych tkanin.

4

Production of cellulases by Bacillus cellulosilyticus using lignocellulosic material

63%

Maryam B. , Qadir A. , Zameer M. , Ahmad S. R. , Nelofer R. , Jamil N. , Arzoo S. , Afzaal R.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2018

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tom 27

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nr 6

EN

The enzyme cellulase, a multi enzyme complex made up of several proteins, catalyses the conversion of cellulose to glucose in an enzymatic hydrolysis. In this study biomass alkali-pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out using crude cellulase enzyme produced from screened bacillus strain (Bacillus cellulosilyticus) having 1,998.79 IU/ml/min CMCase and 1,621.16 IU/ml/min FPase enzyme activity. The production of cellulase enzyme using an economical medium has been a significant achievement in the field of industrial biotechnology. The maximum yield of sugars in the form of total sugars (179.84±0.2 mg/ml), reducing sugars (126.72±0.1 mg/ml), and glucose (105.40±0.1 mg/ml) was achieved at 48 h incubation time, 50ºC, 5 pH, 6% enzyme concentration, 4% substrate loading, and PEG 3350 as a surfactant.

5

Synthesizing and characterizing Sawdust biochar/Fe3O4 nanocomposites and its potential application in textile wastewater treatment

63%

Nadeem F. , Jamil N. , Moazzam A. , Ahmad S. R. , Lateef A. , Khalid A. , Qadir A. , Ali A. , Munir S.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2019

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tom 28

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nr 4

EN

The present research deals with the synthesis and viability of Sawdust biochar/Fe3O4 nanocomposite toward textile waste water treatment. The structure, functionality, and morphology of the nanocomposite were determined by FT-IR, powder XRD, and SEM. Removal of the textile dye Reactive Blue 21 (RB21) was almost 75% under optimum conditions. The value of Langmuir dimensionless separation factor RL indicated a favorable adsorption (01), hence denoting favorable sorption. The negative values for free energy indicated a spontaneous reaction. Positive value for enthalpy suggested the endothermic nature of adsorption. The kinetic data showed a pseudo first-order kinetic model. The calculated value of qt agreed with the experimental value of qt at equilibrium. The results depicted that sawdust biochar/Fe3O4 nanocomposites are efficient adsorbents for removing RB21 and has potential application in treatment of textile wastewater.

6

Hydrological and ichthyological impact assessment of rasul barrage, river Jhelum,Pakistan

63%

Iqbal H. H. , Shahid N. , Qadir A. , Ahmad S. R. , Sarwar S. , Ashraf M. R. , Arshad H. M. , Masood N.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2017

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tom 26

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nr 1

EN

Over the years surface water quality of Pakistani rivers has been degraded. The current study aims to investigate the water quality and fish diversity at Rasul Barrage in the Jhelum River. A total of six sampling sites were assessed for pollution levels and fish fauna of the Barrage. Physicochemical parameters such as turbidity, biological oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were deviating from the permissible limits of fresh water set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), but meeting the criteria of NEQS, whereas pH, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), sodium, and chloride were below the permissible limits of NEQS, but the TSS level was above EPA standards. However, the concentrations of metals such as iron (2.62-3.98 mg L⁻¹), chromium (0.03-0.59 mg L⁻¹), and nickel (0.49⁻¹.71 mg L⁻¹) were higher than the permissible limits for drinking and irrigation waters. In addition, a total of 35 fish species belonging to eight families were identified. Survey and result of study showed that concentrations of pollutants and non-stop fishing activities of commercial fish are the main reasons for the reduction of fish fauna. Two exotic fish species, Oreochromismossambicus and Ctenopharyngodon idella, were found to be abundant where population of native fish fauna numbers were being reduced. We concluded that the surface water quality is poor, as is evident from the higher concentrations of BOD, COD, and metals. Urgent measures are required to prevent such contamination and regular monitoring of water quality in the study area.