The ground-penetrating radar (GPR) method has been used for many years in archaeological research. However, this method is still not widely used in studies of past architecture. The biggest problem in implementing the GPR in sites with archaeological relics are the extensive layers of rubble, leveling, vegetation, and infrastructure elements which significantly hinder the measurement and interpretation of the results obtained. Despite these limitations, properly planned and executed GPR studies, even in a small area, can provide very significant information on the remains of ancient buildings located underground. Moreover, the results of GPR profiling, integrated with historical data, allow for a three-dimensional reconstruction of searched architectural relics, not preserved above ground. An example may be the results of an GPR studies, presented in this article, performed on relics of the Gothic church of St. Elisabeth at Trzygłów (village in the commune of Gryfice, north – western Poland). This building was demolished in 1955. The results of the geophysical reconnaissance combined with a search of archival material, made it possible to visualise spatially (3D) the appearance of the non-existent church and, so to speak, reintroduce it to the local community. It seems that such a comprehensive approach should be standard in contemporary geophysical research focusing on the relics of past architecture.
PL
Metoda georadarowa jest od wielu lat stosowana z powodzeniem w archeologii. Zaczyna być również standardem w nieinwazyjnych badaniach dawnej architektury. Największym problemem w implementacji tej metody na stanowiskach z reliktami architektonicznymi są rozległe warstwy gruzu, niwelacje, roślinność oraz elementy infrastruktury, które znacząco utrudniają pomiar oraz interpretację uzyskanych wyników. Pomimo tych ograniczeń, prawidłowo zaplanowane i wykonane badania georadarowe, nawet na niewielkim obszarze, mogą dostarczyć bardzo istotnych informacji dotyczących znajdujących się pod ziemią pozostałości dawnych budowli. Co więcej, wyniki profilowania georadarowego zintegrowane z danymi historycznymi pozwalają na trójwymiarową rekonstrukcję niezachowanego na powierzchni ziemi zabytku. Przykładem mogą być prezentowane w niniejszym artykule wyniki badań georadarowych reliktów gotyckiego kościoła św. Elżbiety w Trzygłowie (dawniej Trieglaff – wieś w gminie Gryfice, północno-zachodnia Polska). Świątynię tą rozebrano w 1955 roku. Wyniki rozpoznania geofizycznego w połączeniu z kwerendą materiałów archiwalnych pozwoliły na zobrazowanie przestrzenne (3D) wyglądu nieistniejącego już kościoła i niejako ponowne przywrócenie go lokalnej społeczności. Zaprezentowane tu podejście powinno być standardem w badanych architektonicznych zabytkowych budowli z użyciem metod nieinwazyjnych, co autor niniejszego opracowania proponuje określić terminem geofizyka architektury.
The ground-penetrating radar (GPR) survey conducted in the south-eastern part of the Polish archaeological concession in West Saqqara confirmed the high usability of the GPR method in non-invasive prospecting of desert archaeological sites. The survey has allowed to confirm the location of one and the discovery of two so far unknown funerary structures characterized by significantly large dimensions. Analysis of the reflection profiles allow to conclude that these anomalies are generated by rock-hewn burial shafts. Only one of these tombs can be dated with high confidence to the end of the Old Kingdom. Precise determination of the chronology of the two other structures is not possible without archaeological verification.
In 2015, an interesting hillfort was discovered at Wysoka Wieś, Ostróda County, in north-eastern Poland (Fig. 1; W. Skrobot 2015, 123). It was characteristic because its yard was surrounded by 3–4 concentric lines of ramparts separated by dry moats (Fig. 2). In 2018, an archaeological evaluation of this site was conducted to acquire information about its chronology and cultural affiliation. The central and southern part of the site was strongly disturbed in the 20th century, when all the environs were cultivated for reforestation. The only remains of former habitation were discovered near the embankments, particularly in the ditch which ran along the main rampart, on its inner side, and on the main rampart itself. The relics included: a posthole located at the highest point of the embankment and loose stones – a probable paving – located in the above-mentioned ditch (Fig. 4). A radiocarbon dating of the charcoal collected from the soil beneath the stones gave a calibrated date between 542–397 BC with a probability of 91.3% (Fig. 5). The analysis of the pottery shards (Fig. 6:1–5) suggests that they can be linked with the 2nd group in the classification of ceramics of the West Balt Barrow Culture and can be dated to the turn of the Hallstatt D and La Tène A/B periods (Ł. Okulicz 1970, 24–38). These two chronologies correspond with each other and it can be assumed that the hillfort was in use during the end of the Early Iron Age and at the beginning of the La Tène Period.
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