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SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING AND INCOME BELOW THE ‘AT-RISK-OF-POVERTY THRESHOLD’: ANALYSIS OF SLOVAK EU-SILC DATA

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Džuka J. , Lačný M. , Babinčák P.

Studia Psychologica

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2019

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tom 61

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nr 4

213 – 229

EN

The objective of the present research was to examine the relationship of income below the ‘at-risk-of-poverty threshold’ and well-being variables among selected groups of Slovak citizens based on the analysis of secondary data. Responses of 7851 Slovaks selected from the EU-SILC 2013 data (N = 13286) were analysed. The participants were selected on the basis of self-defined current economic status as follows: employees working full-time (n = 5156), the unemployed (n = 845), retirees (n = 1850). The stepwise multiple regressions revealed that the relationship of income to well-being variables in each of these three groups was different. The differentiated income effect in relation to well-being variables depending on self-defined economic status and study limitations were discussed.

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FEAR OF POVERTY –VERIFICATION OF ITS RELATIONSHIP TO SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS AND SELECTED PERSONALITY VARIABLES

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Kačmárová M. , Babinčák P. , Vargová D.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2019

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tom 22

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nr 1

44 - 53

EN

In psychology literature, the interest in poverty is traditionally represented by two constructs –poverty attributes (Feagin, 1972; Heider, 1958) and the attitudes to poverty (Cozzarelli, Wilkinson, & Tagler, 2001). The present study proposes the concept of "the fear of poverty", which appears to be accessible to psychological research. In addition, based on the information from various transnational surveys (such as Eurobarometer), the concept presents the present reality for a considerable part of the Slovak population. When analyzing the fear of poverty, there are two ways of conceptually understanding this. One represents the view that the fear of poverty can be a manifestation of a more general personality trait, which predisposes the person to uncertainty and fear of future material shortage. The other possibility is to consider the fear as the emotional consequence of the person's unfavorable economic or social situation. The aim of the research was to examine the relationship between the indicators of socio-economic status (financial stress, education, employment status) and selected personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness) to the fear of poverty. In the present research, the hypotheses about the relationship between personality variables (neuroticism in particular) and the indicators of socio-economic status (financial stress) to the fear of poverty were confirmed. Moreover, another hypothesis about the assumed interrelationship between them was formulated. The research carried out was the first attempt (at the national level) to explore the issue of the fear of poverty with a focus on psychological variables, and thus aimed at enriching the knowledge base in an area which has traditionally been dominated by economic and social sciences.

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PERCEIVED CAUSES OF POVERTY IN THE CONTEXT OF OBJECTIVE POVERTY, SUBJECTIVE POVERTY AND SELECTED SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES

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Babjáková J. , Issmailová S. , Babinčák P.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2021

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tom 24

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nr 1

1 – 17

EN

Previous research on the perceived causes of poverty has been carried out in the field of sociology (Strapcová, 2005) as well as social psychology (Nasser & Abouchedid, 2001). The present study has two objectives. The first one was to determine whether there are statistically significant differences in the individualistic, structural and fatalistic perceived causes of poverty between the objectively poor and objectively non-poor as well as between the subjectively poor and subjectively non-poor. Secondly, it was to identify the predictors of the individualistic, structural and fatalistic perceived causes of poverty among selected variables including gender, age, marital status, employment status, education, objective poverty and subjective poverty. Both a Welch t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to verify the first goal of the study. For the second goal, a multiple hierarchical linear regression analysis stepwise method was used. The findings provide insight into the widely up to now unexplored issue of perceived causes of poverty in Slovakia. Future research on the perceived causes of poverty among the poor could focus on self-assignment of the participant to either the group of the poor or non-poor, distinguish between one's own poverty and the poverty of others and include other variables such as ethnicity, religion, belief in a just world as well as life satisfaction.