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1997
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nr 12
34-35
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nr 11
42-43
EN
The aim of this work was to identify key factors governing the oxygen fluxes in two thermally stratified lakes of different morphology. Oxygen and temperature profiles in lakes Jeleń and Mały Borek, as well as phytoplankton primary production in Mały Borek (oxygen-method) were measured in monthly intervals, except for periods of ice cover. Rates of oxygen release due to photosynthesis, consumption in the water column, loss to atmosphere, depletion in the hypolimnion, and restoration during periods of turn-over were roughly estimated. It was discovered that trophic conditions and morphometry may substantially influence not only the intensity, but also the timing, of particular events in the oxygen cycle of the lakes.
EN
Periphyton communities were studied on several dominating macrophytes, Phragmites australis, Potamogeton lucens, and Nuphar lutea, in three different types of lakes. In soft-water mesotrophic Lake Mały Borek and in shallow, eutrophic Lake Gardno samples were collected about once every two months from April to November 2009. In eutrophic Szczecin Lagoon (the estuary of the Oder River), samples were only collected once in July. The aim of this paper was to determine the dry mass, the ash content, and the chlorophyll-a content of periphyton on a natural substratum, in order to determine the mass, the inorganicorganic status of periphyton, and the auto-heterotrophic character of this complex. The analyzed periphytic communities exhibited low dry mass at the beginning of the growth season, which increased with colonization period on the aquatic vegetation. The highest (but still low) values were achieved in autumn, which persisted, with small loss, until spring of the subsequent year. The differences in dry mass between each type of lake were small, but in the strongly eutrophic Szczecin Lagoon this index was slightly higher than in the other two water bodies. The highest dry mass was noted for periphyton dominated by Cordylophora caspia colonies overgrowing common reeds and for periphyton on Potamogeton lucens in Szczecin Lagoon. In shallow water bodies, such as Lake Gardno and Szczecin Lagoon, wind causes strong resuspension of sediments. This can explain the relatively high level of inorganic matter in dry mass of the periphyton in both water bodies. However, the small ash content in periphyton in Mały Borek may result from the soft-water character of this lake. The hetero-autotrophic status of the periphytic community prevailed throughout the study period in Gardno and Mały Borek lakes. The auto-heterotrophic status of periphyton was noted only in short periods of time in each lake.
EN
Our paper presents changes in the quality of water in the Bytowa River (in 1975-2003) against the background of changes which occurred in the river basin. The basis for an evaluation of those changes consisted of some physicochemical and bacteriological assays completed as part of a surface water monitoring program run by the Inspectorate for Environmental Protection. Based on the collected information, the evolution of the quality of water in the River Bytowa can be divided into two stages. The first, lasting until the late 1980s, was characterized by steadily increasing river pollution. The second stage was a time of gradual improvement of river water quality, which was a result of several overlapping factors related to the political and economic transformation in Poland. Construction of a municipal wastewater treatment plant as well as much lower quantities of fertilizers applied to decreased areas of farmland meant that loads of contaminants both from urban sources and from agriculture were reduced. The comparison of nutrient concentrations at different control points on the Bytowa suggest that from the mid 1970s to the late 1980s the contribution of municipal loads was increasing, and in the peak period such waste prevailed over non-point pollution along a considerable section of the river. From the late 1980s to 2003 both municipal and non-point pollution loads were decreasing, with the former declining to a much greater extent than the latter. In recent years non-point pollution has been dominant in total pollution load. Bacterial contamination was the only remaining evidence of the unsatisfactory condition of the river.
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